某钢铁企业非致死性职业伤害的影响因素分析  

Influencing factors of non-fatal occupational injuries in a steel and iron enterprise

作　　者：谢晶[1] 杨莉[1] 白梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学教研室,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《华南预防医学》2009年第6期32-35,共4页South China Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广西科技攻关基金(0632007-3E)

摘　　要：目的了解钢铁厂职业伤害特点，分析个体因素、职业因素以及职业安全知识、态度、行为与职业伤害的关系．找出其危险因素，为预防和控制职业伤害发生提供科学依据。方法采用成组病例对照研究，对广西某钢铁企业发生非致死性职业伤害职工及未发生伤害职工进行统一的问卷调查，调查内容包括职业伤害情况、职业因素及职业安全认知、态度、行为的情况。用单因素及多因素非奈件logistic回归模型分析影响非致死性职业伤害发生的危险因素。结果共调查发生非致死性职业伤害职工112人，未发生伤害职工144人。112例职业伤害职工中轻伤94例（83．9％），重伤18例（16．1％），男性（91．1％）多于女性（8．9％），20—39岁（占81．5％）为职业伤害高发年龄段，一线工人占67．9％，发生的月份以6月（13．4％）最高，多数伤及手腕部（21．0％），物体打击（28．6％）为主要伤害类型。伤害的影响因素包括：性别（OR=2．633）、健康状况（OR=0．127）、每天接触机器时间（OR=1．214）、组织协调程度（OR：0．084～0．160）、认为从事的工作是否安全（OR=3．574）、认为是否有必要进行安全生产教育（OR=0．075）、认为事故发生是否偶然（OR=1．878）、认为事故能否避免（OR=0．183）。结论该钢铁企业职业伤害的影响因素具有多元性，与个体因素、职业因素及职业伤害的知、信、行等因素有关，应采取针对性干预措施，加强对男性职工的技术培训，加强安全知识教育，端正职业安全态度，避免不安全行为发生，以减少职业伤害的发生。Objective To understand occupational injury characteristics, analyze the relationship between occupational injuries and individual factors, occupational factors, occupational safety knowledge, attitude and behavior and identify its risk factors, to provide scientific basis and comprehensive intervene measurements for prevention and control of the incidence of occupational injuries. Methods A ease-control study was adopted to survey the works with non-fatal injuries and those without injuries in a steel and iron enterprise in Guangxi. The contents included occupational injuries, occupational factors, and knowledge, attitude and behavior towards occupational safety. Risk factors of the non-fatal occupational injuries were analyzed by single-and multi-factor non-conditional logistic regression. Results A total of 112 workers with non-fatal occupational injuries and 144 without injuries were investigated. For occupational injured work- ers, 94（83.9% ） were minor, and 18（ 16. 1% ） were severe; men（91.1% ） were more than women（8. 9% ） ; most （81.5%） were aged 20 -39 years old; front-line workers were accounted for 67.9% ; inci- dence peak was in June （13.4%） ; most injured parts were the wrist （21.0%） ; object hitting was the main type of injury （28.6%）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed injury factors included gen- der（ OR = 2. 633 ）, health status （ OR = 0. 127 ）, coordination ability （ OR ： 0. 084 - 0. 160 ）, daily contact with the machine time （OR = 1. 214） , considering if the work engaged is safe or not （ OR = 3. 574）, considering if there is a need for safety education （ OR = 0. 075 ） , considering whether the accident occurred by chance or not （ OR = 1. 878） , considering if the accident can be avoided or not （ OR = 0. 183 ）. Conclusion The risk factors of occupational injuries were diverse in the steel and iron enterprise, related with individual factors, occupational factors, and knowledge, safety consciousness, attitude and beha

关 键 词：职业伤害 安全 知识 态度 实践 因素分析 统计学 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]