冷杉属植物叶角质层内表面的观察及其系统学意义  

SEM OBSERVATION ON THE STRUCTURE OF CUTICLES ON LEAF INNER SURFACE OF ABIES (PINACEAE) AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN SYSTEMATICS

作　　者：向巧萍[1] 傅立国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所

出　　处：《植物分类学报》1998年第5期441-448,共8页Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院重点资助

摘　　要：在扫描电镜下，比较观察了冷杉属全世界３６种２变种的叶角质层内表面的结构特征，根据叶角质层内表面胞间凸缘特征的显著差异，将冷杉属植物归为４类：（１）直且发达的单凸缘；（２）双凸缘；（３）不发达的单凸缘；（４）弯曲且发达的单凸缘。并发现这四种凸缘类型在冷杉属中的分布格局与该类植物的地理分布具有相关性。根据所观察的结果和前人的属下分类系统以及化石资料，认为北美西部是现代冷杉属植物的一个多样性中心。Comparative investigation of the inner surface of the needle cuticle of 36 species and 2 varieties of Abies under SEM has revealed that the characteristics of the intercellular flanges are rather distinct and four types can be distinguished: (1) Straight and developed single flange. This type is only represented by Abies bracteata D. Don. Morphologically, this species is also quite unique in the genus Abies and was once treated as a subgenus by Franco and Liu. Its special structure of the leaf cuticle observed here seems to support their treatment.(2) Double flanges. This type was first discovered in a leaf fossil of Abies from England. In modern plants of Abies, it is found only in the species from Central America. (3) Undeveloped single flange. This type is represented by a small group of Abies from the west and east coastal area of the Pacific Ocean. (4) Undulate and developed single flange. This type is represented by most of the species of Abies, including all the species in Europe and most species in Asia and North America. The flange types mentioned above seem to have some relationships with the geographical distribution of the species in the genus Abies, and their occurrence might have not been completely influenced by the habitats, hence the features of the intercellular flanges may provide good evidence for the subgeneric division of Abies. Based on our results and those from the previously published literature about the infrageneric treatments of Abies and the distribution of the fossils, we consider that western North America might be the diversity center of modern Abies. Florin once pointed out that the characters of the leaf cuticle in gymnosperms are of great significance for the generic and infrageneric division. This viewpoint is strongly supported by our study on modern Abies.

关 键 词：冷杉属 叶角质层 系统分类 

分 类 号：Q949.666[生物学—植物学] Q914.3[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]