疼痛的性别差异  

Sex difference in pain

作　　者：伍莎[1] 魏蓉[1] 李芳[2] 潘浩[1] 李昌琪[2] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学 [2]中南大学湘雅医学院人体解剖与神经生物学系,湖南长沙410013

出　　处：《现代生物医学进展》2009年第21期4146-4148,4132,共4页Progress in Modern Biomedicine

基　　金：中南大学大学生创新教育计划项目(0810533128);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30971533)

摘　　要：目前已有许多临床流行病学研究和实验研究证实了人类的疼痛存在性别差异。临床迹象表明疼痛存在性别差异,许多慢性疼痛疾病(偏头痛、颞下颌关节痛、纤维肌痛、风湿痛等)的发生率女性明显高于男性。女性对一些实验性疼痛(机械刺激痛、电刺激痛、热刺激痛等)更加敏感,痛阈和对疼痛的耐受性比男性低,而且女性月经周期与疼痛有关。啮齿动物实验研究也发现存在疼痛的性别差异。但是在不同动物研究或不同实验性疼痛刺激下雌雄性别的反应不完全相同,这些差异可能是由很多影响因素所导致的。目前许多研究对疼痛存在性别差异的解释也有所不同,机制尚不清楚,可能的因素包括:生物因素(性激素、内源性镇痛、基因等)、社会心理因素以及两者的相互作用等。At present many experimental studies,clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated the differences in pain perception between sexes. A female predominance is found in chronic pains（migraine,TMD,fibromyalgia,rheumatalgia,etc） . Also evidences indicate that female are more sensitive to experimental pain（mechanical pain,electrical pain,heat pain,etc） ,and have a lower pain threshold and patience than male. Menstrual cycle is also related to pain perception. Experimental studies also found differences in pain perception and response in rodent. However,different animal research outcomes suggest that many factors contribute to sex differences. The existing studies have not yet come to a same conclusion on the mechanism. The possible factors include biological factors（sex hormones,endogenous analgesic,genes,etc） ,social and psychological factors as well as the interaction between the two.

关 键 词：临床疼痛 实验性疼痛 性别差异 性激素 

分 类 号：R614[医药卫生—麻醉学]