宋代官窑的主要特点——兼谈元汝州青瓷器  

Discussion on Main Features of Official Kiln of Song Dynasty-Concurrently about the Blue Porcelain of Yuan Dynasty in Ruzhou Area

作　　者：秦大树[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国考古学研究中心

出　　处：《文物》2009年第12期59-75,共17页Cultural Relics

基　　金："普通高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地北京大学中国考古学研究中心;教育部人文社会科学研究重大项目<宋代墓葬研究>课题"(项目批准号:06JJD780002)成果之一

摘　　要：宋代官窑是在北宋末期形成的特定窑口,代表了始于宋代的一种新的制瓷业中的生产管理体制——御窑。老虎洞窑的发掘证实了其就是南宋的修内司官窑,根据发掘整理资料并对有关文献再度诠释可得出如下结论:宋代官窑是由官府建立、由内官管辖的专门生产礼制性活动中使用器物的窑场。由于这类用器有严格的尺寸规定,所以采用模制成型的方法制作。对生产中的次品,采用集中瘫埋的方式处理。而张公巷窑则不是北宋官窑,它是金元时期生产类似汝窑器物的青瓷窑场,元代至元年间成为为官府生产礼制性器物的官窑。The official kiln of Song Dynasty came into being in late Song Dynasty. It represents a new productive management system of porcelain manufacture-the imperial kiln, which began in Song Dynasty. The excavation of Laohudong Kiln reveals that the site was the Xiuneisi official kiln of Southern Song Dynasty. According to unearthed materials and relative literature, it can be concluded that the official kiln of Song Dynasty was a kiln specialized in ritual object, and it was built by government, dominated by interior officers. Because of the precise regulation on size of the ritual object, molds were necessary in production. The inferior products were buried together. Nevertheless, the Zhanggongxiang Kiln was not an official kiln of Northern Song Dynasty, but a kiln of Jin （Nurchen） Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, specialized in blue porcelain similar to products of Ru Kiln. It turned into an official kiln and began to produce ritual objects for government in the Zhi Zheng reign （ 1341 - 1367C.E. ） of Yuan Dynasty.

关 键 词：官窑 宋代 青瓷器 生产管理体制 部分产品 陶瓷生产 制瓷业 御窑 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] F755.050[历史地理—历史学]