天津城区道路雨水径流水质监测及污染特征分析  

Characteristics of pollution and monitoring of water quality in Tianjin

作　　者：张娜[1] 赵乐军[2] 李铁龙[1] 金朝晖[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院//环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室,天津300071 [2]天津市市政工程设计院,天津300051

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2009年第6期2127-2131,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家科技重大专项;水污染控制与治理科技专项(水专项)(2008ZX07314-004-003-001)

摘　　要：城市市区道路由于交通活动产生大量的重金属、无机阴离子、营养盐、有机污染物等,对受纳水体的水质造成很大破坏,并影响了水体的生态环境。通过对天津城区不同功能区(商业区、文教区和居住区)的道路降雨径流的30个水质指标进行监测分析,评估天津市区道路雨水径流的污染程度,进而分析天津市区降雨污染的基本特征。结果表明,不同功能区理化指标平均浓度的大小顺序为:商业区>居住区>文教区,天津市区道路雨水pH接近中性;金属离子中铅在3个功能区中均超标,在商业区、文教区和居住区中分别超标1.16、1.05和1.28倍,且天津市区重金属污染浓度与南京和澳门相近;无机阴离子并未超出地表水质量标准Ⅴ类标准或集中式生活饮用水地表水源地补充项目标准限值。TN、TP、COD和BOD5最大值分别严重超出国家地表水环境质量Ⅴ类标准的2.5、2.0、10和50倍。挥发酚在3个功能区中均未超标,而阴离子表面活性剂在商业区、文教区和居住区分别超过地表水质量标准Ⅴ类标准的37、17和6.3倍。Many kinds of pollutants such as heavy metals, inorganic anions, nutritive salt and organic pollutants derived from traffic activities were enriched in urban road runoff, and they could significantly degrade the quality of the receiving waters and affect the hydro-ecosystem. Based on this, 30 water quality parameters of road runoff sampled in different functional areas which included cultural and education zone, commercial zone and residential zone, were monitored and analyzed to find the characteristics of the road runoff pollution in Tianjin. The results showed that pH was closed to 7, and the average concentration of physical and chemical indicators was： commercial zone〉 residential zone 〉 cultural and education zone. The concentration of Pb was 1.16, 1.05 and 1.28 times higher than the guideline in commercial zone, cultural and education zone and residential zone respectively, and the heavy metal concentration of road runoff in Tianjin was similar to that in Nanjing and Macao. The concentration of inorganic anions was lower than the grade V of the Surface Water Quality Criteria, however, the maximum value of TN, TP, COD and BOD5 were 2.5, 2.0, 10 and 50 times larger than the grade V of the Surface Water Quality Criteria seriously respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of volatile phenol in the three functional areas were also within the scope of the criteria, while the concentration of LAS in the commercial zone, cultural and education zone and residential zone were 37, 17, 6.3 times higher than the grade V of the Surface Water Quality Criteria respectively.

关 键 词：道路 雨水径流 水质监测 污染特征 天津 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]