基于覆盖水量的监测点优化选址法的缺陷与改进  

Flaw of Demand Coverage Based Method for Optimal Locations of Monitoring Stations and Modification

作　　者：刘书明[1] 李振瑜[1] 陈晋端[1] 王琦[1] 孟凡琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《环境科学》2010年第1期88-92,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2006AA06Z301);国家重点实验室专项基金项目(08K01ESPCT);环境污染控制与质量改善关键技术研究项目(2007DFC90170)

摘　　要：研究了给水管网水质监测点选址的方法,分析了覆盖水量法存在的缺陷,针对这一缺陷,提出了一种基于覆盖水量指数的改进方法,在评价节点的代表性时,该方法同时考虑了总覆盖水量和覆盖水量时间分布对节点代表性的影响,提高了管网水质监测点优化选择的准确度和监测数据的代表性.为了提高优化问题求解的速度,采用了遗传算法求解水质监测点优化选址问题,并将此两类方法应用于2个案例管网.对于案例中的管网,采用布设7个监测点,可有效监控所有95个节点中85%以上的管网水量.同时,实际案例管网的应用表明,与覆盖水量法相比,覆盖水量指数法的计算结果具有更好的代表性,基于此建立的给水管网在线监测网络能够更好地代表管网的水质情况.The method of locating online sensor on a water distribution system for monitoring water quality was investigated.A flaw of demand coverage method was identified.To overcome this flaw,a demand coverage index based method was proposed in this paper.The demand coverage index method evaluates a node＇s representativeness by taking both the total amount of demand coverage and its temporal distribution into account.This increases the calculation accuracy and data representativeness.In order to increase the speed of optimization,a genetic algorithm was employed to solve the optimization problem in this work.Two example water distribution systems were employed to evaluate the performances of both methods.It was obtained that more than 85% of node demand can be covered by 7 monitoring stations for the example water distribution system with 95 nodes.Example applications show that results from this method have better representativeness than the one from demand coverage method.An online monitoring. network based on optimal locations obtained from demand coverage method can better represent water quality of the distribution systems.

关 键 词：给水管网 监测点 优化选址 遗传算法 安全供水 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]