四川盆地低山丘陵区柏木低效防护林的改造  

Analysis of Improving Effects of Cupressus funebris Plantation in the Low Hill Region of Sichuan Basin

作　　者：骆宗诗[1] 侯波 向成华[1] 陈俊华[1] 罗晓华[1] 谢大军[1] 慕长龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省林业科学研究院,四川成都610081 [2]四川省阆中市林业局,四川阆中637400

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2009年第6期82-87,共6页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑项目"长江上游防护林体系空间配置与结构优化技术研究"(2006BAD03A0204)

摘　　要：通过对柏木Cupressus funebris低效林采取间伐、林下种植黄荆Vitex negurdo和木豆Cajanus cajan的低改措施,研究了林分改造后的水土保持、水源涵养效果及林地土壤物理性质、林分生长量、林下物种多样性和碳密度的变化.结果表明：改造后的林分水土保持和水源涵养功能加强,土壤物理性质得到明显改善,林下植被物种多样性、林分生长量和林分碳密度得到了明显提高;采取株数间伐强度15.55%（保留密度4 100株.hm^-2）、44.44%（保留密度2 400株.hm^-2）和林下种植黄荆措施的林分,土壤侵蚀量较对照林分（密度4 600株.hm^-2）3年平均减少418.28和524.87 mg.km^-2;采取株数间伐强度约70%、林下补植黄荆（保留密度2 200株.hm^-2）、补播木豆（保留密度2 300株.hm^-2）和补植补播黄荆和木豆（保留密度2 300株.hm^-2）措施的林分,与对照林分（密度7 400株.hm^-2）相比,其灌草层的最大持水量增加0.18－0.47 mm,枯落物层的有效持水量增加0.21－0.48 mm,林地土壤最大持水量增加16.39－39.03 mm,林地土壤密度下降5.90%－8.21%,总孔隙度上升8.09%－19.28%;胸径增长量4年增加0.55－0.62 cm,树高增长量4年增加0.34－0.39 m;灌草层的多样性指数和均匀度指数提高,生态优势度下降,灌木层增加了2－4种,草本层增加了4－7种;林分碳密度增加8.27－9.82 mg.hm^-2.Cupressus funebris plantation was a typically type of lower-effect forests in the low hill region of Sichuan basin,Sichuan province.Two types of thinning experiments were designed to study the effects of the improvement on the deteriorated Cupressus funebris plantation.One type was used to observe annual runoff and sediment yield of stands,which including contrast stand A（whose density was 4600 individuals per hectare）,15.55% of individuals thinned stand B（whose saved density was 4100 individuals per hectare,planted Vitex negurdo under trees） and 44.44% of individuals thinned stand C（whose saved density was 2400 individuals per hectare,and planted Vitex negurdo under trees）.Another type was those stands thinned by about 70% of individuals,including contrast stand D with 7400 individuals per hectare,stand E planted Vitex negurdo under trees with 2200 individuals per hectare,stand F planted Cajanus cajan under trees with 2300 individuals per hectare,and stand G planted Vitex negurdo and Cajanus cajan under trees with 2300 individuals per hectare.The results show that the capacity of water and soil conservation is enhanced,the physical features of forest soils are obviously meliorated,species diversity under the trees is more richness,and the increment of trees and biomass carbon density of stands are gained increasingly after plantation thinned and planted Vitex negurdo and Cajanus cajan under trees.The average annual sediment yield of stand B and C in three years from 2004 to 2006 is decreased 418.28 Mg·hm^-2 and 524.87 Mg·hm^-2 than contrast stand A,respectively.Compared to contrast stand D,many properties of stands E,F,and G is as follows：（1） maximum water holding capacity of shrub-and-herb layers,forest soils increase 0.18 mm0.47 mm and 16.39 mm39.03 mm,respectively;（2） useful water holding capacity of litters increase 0.21 mm0.48 mm;（3） soil bulk density decrease 5.90%8.21%;（4） total porosity increases 8.09%19.28%;（5） four years periodic increment of DBH and height increase

关 键 词：低效防护林 林分改造 物种多样性 水土保持 最大持水力 碳密度 

分 类 号：S727.22[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S756.4[农业科学—林学]