玉米自交系的空间诱变选育与应用  

Space Mutation Breeding of Maize Inbred Line and Its Application

作　　者：阴卫军[1] 王丽丽[2] 周柱华[1] 丁祥祺 徐立华[1] 邱登林[1] 邢燕菊[1] 许方佐[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院原子能农业应用研究所,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业科学院科技信息工程技术研究中心,山东济南250100 [3]阳谷县农业局,山东阳谷252300

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2009年第12期28-32,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：利用我国第二十颗返回式卫星搭载"鲁原1423"玉米自交系,并对其后代的主要性状进行了连续四代的调查分析。结果表明:SP1在出苗率及苗势上有明显的降低,播种后44 d的成活率仅有68.50%,从SP2代开始,随着世代的提高而增加;SP1代的株高、穗位高也普遍降低,在SP2代中出现了很高的变异株,变异范围明显大于对照;到SP4代时变异幅度已和对照接近,性状趋于稳定。处理后代的果穗性状会变劣,如出现果穗变短、变细、粒数减少的现象,后代株系果穗性状的变异范围基本上大于对照,这种现象在SP2、SP3代表现最为明显。SP3代的一些株系出现了不良的性状,如感染黑粉病、空秆、雄性不育,这对自交系的选育会有一定的影响。在杂交种的选育中,早代测配组合的平均产量虽然低于对照,但它们之间的性状差异很大,有可能产生优良的组合。卫星搭载会使玉米自交系的数量性状变化范围增大,变异类型增多,为育种增加了筛选机会,可以从中选育出综合性状优良的材料,"航天7226"系的利用就是证明。After carried by the 20th recoverable satellite of China, the maize inbred line Luyuan 1423 was investigated and analyzed for the main characters in successive four generations. The results showed that the emergence rate and growth vigor of SP1 seedlings decreased obviously, and the survival rate was only 68. 50% after seeding for 44 days, but they increased with the advance of generation from SP2. The plant height and ear height of SP1 also decreased generally, but the high variant plants emerged in SP2 generation, whose variation range was apparently larger than that of the check. In the SP4 generation, the variation range was close to that of the check, and the characters tended to be steady. The ear characters of the progenies became worse, for example, the ear became shorter and slenderer and it＇ s grains decreased, and the variation range of progeny strains was generally larger than that of the check, which was more obvious in SP2 and SP3. Some bad characters appeared in SP3, such as susceptible to smut disease, barren stalk and male sterility, which had some effects on breeding of maize inbred line. Although the yields of the early generation combinations were lower than that of the check, larger differences were still present, so elite combinations might be selected for breeding good hybrids. In a word, space flight could increase the variation range of quantitative characters and variant types in maize inbred lines, which provi.ded more selection chances for developing new inbred lines or germplasms with good comprehensive characters. The application of maize line Hangtian 7226 was a good example.

关 键 词：卫星搭载 玉米自交系 性状 株系 变异 选育 

分 类 号：S513.035.2[农业科学—作物学]