旱地土壤耕作生态对木薯生长及环境的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Farming Ecological Types in Dry Land on Cassava Growth and Environment

作　　者：韦本辉[1] 何虎翼[1] 俞健[2] 甘秀芹[1] 宁秀呈[3] 陆柳英[1] 唐秀桦[1] 韦广泼[4] 

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院经济作物研究所,广西南宁530000 [2]广西农业职业技术学院,广西南宁530000 [3]广西农业科学院种质库,广西南宁530000 [4]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广西南宁530000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2010年第2期668-671,690,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD75B03;2007BAD75B02;2007BAD75B01);国家木薯产业技术体系(nycytx-17)

摘　　要：[目的]大面积改善土壤生态环境,提高木薯单产及品质。[方法]利用水分(雨水)控制技术,研究了不同土壤耕作生态类型对木薯生理生长及环境的影响。[结果]与降雨内涝淹水处理相比,降雨时正常排灌疏松土壤的含水量增加44.23%,容重降低17.32%,孔隙度增加38.26%,微生物菌落总数增加384.67%,水分利用效率提高22.65%,光合效率增加55.28%,水、土流失量分别减少83.70%和125.29%,这诸多因素构成了良好的土壤耕作生态,木薯产量达到46 800 kg/hm2;反之,降雨短时渍水处理、降雨内涝淹水处理,因其土壤耕作生态不良,其产量分别为19 125、6 225 kg/hm2。[结论]在合理利用天然降雨、不渍水不淹水而保持良好的土壤耕作生态条件下,木薯种植容易获得高产。[ Objective] The research aimed to improve the soil environmental quality and enhance the yield and quality of cassava. [ Method ] The water control technology was used to study the effects of different soil farming ecological types on cassava physiology growth and environment. [ Result ] Compared with inundation, the water content of normal rainfall loose soil of drainage and irrigation increased by 44.23% , bulk density lowed by 17.32%, porosity increased by 38.26% , the total number of micro-organisms colony increased by 384.67%, water use efficiency in- creased by 22.65%, photosynthetic efficiency increased by 55.28%, water and soil erosion reduced 83.7% and 125.29% respectively. For such factors constitute a good soil fanning ecology, cassava yield reach 46 800 kg/hm2 ; On the contrary, short-term rainfall water-logglng and inundation treatment, because of their adverse soil farming ecology, their yield were 19 125 and 6 225 kg/hm^2 respectively. [ Conclusion] Under the good soil farming ecological conditions maintained by rational use of natural rainfall, no water-logging or inundation, cassava cultivation is easy to get higher yield.

关 键 词：土壤耕作生态类型 木薯 产量 旱地作物 环境 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]