飞行员咽鼓管通气阻力测量及耳气压伤预防  

Measurement of Eustachian tube ventilation resistance and prevention of barotraumas in middle ear of pilots

作　　者：吴家林[1] 徐先荣[2] 孙增银 

机构地区：[1]解放军庐山疗养院体检中心,江西九江332000 [2]空军总医院全军临床航空医学中心,北京100142 [3]解放军454医院耳鼻咽喉科,南京210002

出　　处：《军医进修学院学报》2010年第2期125-126,137,共3页Academic Journal of Pla Postgraduate Medical School

摘　　要：目的测量并分析飞行员咽鼓管通气阻力与耳气压伤的关系,探讨耳气压伤预防方法。方法用咽鼓管通气阻力测量仪测量咽鼓管通气阻力并对照耳部检查,其中歼击机飞行后检查80人,低压舱检查30人。结果220耳中28耳有耳气压伤表现(12.7%),不能利用张口、吞咽等咽鼓管主动开放的方法平衡鼓室腔的负压。咽鼓管平均通气阻力为(4.1±2.0)kPa,其中92.7%的耳数咽鼓管通气阻力小于6.0kPa。结论在鼻咽部提供6.0kPa的压力可以使92.7%的飞行员不发生耳气压伤;歼击机飞行员可使用面罩加压法或改变面罩结构以利于使用Valsalva法。Objective To study the methods for prevention of ear barotraumas by measuring and analyzing the relation between eustachian tube ventilation resistance and middle ear barotraumas in pilots. Methods Eustachian tube ventilation resistance in 80 and 30 fighter pilots after grounding was tested using a eustachian tube ventilation resistance measuring device and in a hypobaric chamber, respectively, and compared with the controls. Results Of the 220 ears, 28（12.7%）were found to have middle ear barotraumas. The pilots could not balance their negative pressure in the tympanic cavity by opening mouth and swallowing. The average eustachian tube ventilation resistance was 4.1 ±2.0kPa, 92.7% of which was less than 6.0kPa. Conclusion No barotraumas occur in ears of 92.7% of pilots when the pressure on nasopharynx is 6.0kPa. Fighter pilots can use face masks to increase the pressure or use Valsalva by changing their mask structure.

关 键 词：咽鼓管 通气阻力 飞行员 耳 气压伤 

分 类 号：R856[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]