0601号登陆台风及暴雨减弱消亡过程中的动能收支分析  

Kinetic Energy Budget Analysis during Decaying of 0601 Landfall Typhoon and Storm Rainfall

作　　者：祁秀香[1] 智协飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《大气科学学报》2009年第6期824-831,共8页Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助项目;2005年江苏省"六大人才高峰"项目

摘　　要：利用高分辨率(10 km)数值模拟的结果,以登陆华南并引发特大暴雨的0601号台风为例,对台风中-β尺度动能收支平衡进行了诊断分析。结果表明,中-β尺度系统动能收支水平项(水平通量散度项和水平产生项)很小,垂直项(垂直通量散度项和垂直产生项)是动能收支方程的主要部分;动能垂直通量散度在对流层低层是动能的汇,在对流层中高层为动能的源;动能垂直产生项在对流层各层都是动能的汇;浮力产生项在300hPa以下是动能的源,在对流层高层是动能的汇;平均动能的局地变化项,在对流层各层均小于零,暴雨期间对流层动能支大于收,且动能变化在对流层中低层最明显。就整个对流层的垂直总量而言,浮力产生项是主要的动能源,而垂直产生项是主要的动能汇。较强冷空气首先从对流层中层入侵台风环流系统,抑制动能制造和传输,是中-β尺度对流系统不能维持、发展的主要原因,也是台风系统及其暴雨不能长久维持的关键。The simulations with a high resolution numerical model （WRF） were used to study meso-β-scale kinetic energy budget during the sustaining and decaying of a landfall typhoon （0601）. Results show that the horizontal flux convergence/divergence term and the horizontal generation term are very small, while the vertical flux convergence/divergence and vertical generation terms are the main parts in the kinetic energy budget equation. The vertical flux divergence term is a sink of kinetic energy in the lower troposphere and a source of kinetic energy in the middle and upper troposphere. The vertical generation term is a sink at all levels. The buoyancy generation term is a source at levels below 300 hPa and a sink in higher levels. Local changes of kinetic energy are negative at most levels, showing the loss of kinetic energy is more than the gain of kinetic energy during the maintenance of the rainstorm, and maximum variation occurred at the low level of the troposphere. The vertically integrated buoyancy generation acts as the main source of kinetic energy, while the vertical generation term is the main sink. Strong cold air intruding at the middle-level of the typhoon circulation supresses the transfer and generation of the kinetic energy in meso-β-scale convective system. This is the main reason that the meso-β-scale convective system could not sustain and develop as well as the main cause that the typhoon system and the associated rainstorm could not maintain for a long time after landfall.

关 键 词：登陆台风 暴雨 中-Β尺度 动能收支 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]