基于能量异构的无线传感器网络分布式成簇算法  

Energy-heterogeneous Distributed Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network

作　　者：刘新华[1] 李方敏[1] 旷海兰[1,2] 方艺霖[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学信息工程学院宽带无线通信与传感器网络湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]衡阳师范学院计算机系,湖南衡阳421008

出　　处：《小型微型计算机系统》2010年第1期26-31,共6页Journal of Chinese Computer Systems

基　　金：湖北省数字制造重点实验室开放基金项目(SZ0611)资助;国家自然科学基金项目(60773212)资助;教育部重点项目(107130)资助;湖北省重点国际科技合作项目(2007CA009)资助;湖北省自然科学基金项目(2008CDB337)资助

摘　　要：能量异构是无线传感器网络中普遍存在的现象.为了解决分簇算法在能量异构网络中节点能量负载不平衡的问题,提出了一种适用于能量异构环境的无线传感器网络分布式成簇算法.算法基于簇的本地信息给出了评估节点当前能量水平的相对估计因子,用以调整节点在簇头轮转过程中出任簇头的概率及其轮转周期,从而使当前高能量节点获得更多担任簇头的机会,实现整个网络能量均衡消耗,最大限度地延长网络生命周期.实验仿真结果表明,在能量异构网络环境中,新算法表现出很好的适应性和可扩展性,其能量有效性得到了很大的提高,节点能量负载更加均衡.Energy-heterogeneous phenomenon is ubiquitous for wireless sensor networks. A novel clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks is proposed to adapt for energy-heterogeneous environments, and the purpose is to solve the problem of imbalance in energy load for whole network in the situation. In the algorithm, the relative estimation factor of nodes＇ current energy level is given according to the local information of a cluster, which is used for adjusting the probability of becoming cluster head and the cycle of rotaring cluster head during the runtime for a node. This scheme can make the node that has high energy level have more chances to be selected as cluster head, and the system lifetime will be longer for the balance of energy consumption in the network. The result of simulation shows that the algorithm has good adaptability and expandability in energy-heterogeneous environments, the energy-effi- ciency of the network has been improved greatly and the energy load for whole network is more balanced.

关 键 词：无线传感器网络 能量异构 成簇算法 能量有效性 能量均衡 

分 类 号：TP393[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]