美国博士后制度的特点及其启示  

The Characteristics and Enlightenment of American Post-doctoral System

作　　者：姚云[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学高等教育研究所

出　　处：《教育研究》2009年第12期85-90,共6页Educational Research

基　　金：全国教育科学"十一五"规划教育部重点课题"国外博士后制度新发展与中国创新人才的培养机制研究"(课题批准号:DIA070098);国家自然科学基金面上项目"中国博士后制度的制度分析与机制创新研究"(项目批准号:70873010)的研究成果

摘　　要：美国博士后教育经历了诞生与扩散、积极促进和调整与发展三个阶段,逐渐形成了相应的制度。随着经验的积累,美国博士后制度的特点正在逐步系统与定型:注重人才培养与使用,对博士后的质量评价则根据协议执行,体现了一种松散的管理,根据协议对博士后进行质量评价。美国博士后制度存在如博士后身份不明确,发展规模起伏不定等问题。借鉴美国的做法,我国博士后制度发展应下放管理权限,明确博士后合作导师为博士后第一责任人;提高待遇,吸引更有竞争力的人员来做博士后;设置科学评价指标,注重博士后教育的规模与质量发展。The American post-doctoral education has experienced three stages of naissance and diffusion, actively promotion, adjustment and development, gradually forming the corresponding system. With the historical accumulation, the characteristics of the American post-doctoral system are gradually systematic and typing： paying attention to talent cultivation and utilization, implementing the quality evaluation of post-doctorate according to the agreements, which reflects a kind of loose management. However, there are also some problems in the current American post-doctoral system, such as the identity is not clear, the scale is unsteady, etc. The American post-doctoral system is of very important enlightenment for the development of our post-doctoral system. That is, we should decentralize the administration authority, clarify the post-doctoral cooperative supervisor as the first person reliable; improve the treatment so as to attract more competitive personnel to be post-doctorate; set up scientific evaluation index, and pay attention to the scale and quality of post-doctoral system.

关 键 词：美国 博士后制度 创新人才培养 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]