四种砷化合物对藻类生长及光合作用的影响--以三角褐指藻为例  

Effects of four arsenic compounds on the algae growth and photosynthesis—A case study with Phaeodactylum tricornutum

作　　者：姚琴[1] 黄清辉[1] 陈玲[2] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092 [2]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2009年第6期13-16,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40601095,20777021);国际科技合作项目(2007DFR90050)

摘　　要：为了给砷对生态系统的影响研究提供参考,利用调制叶绿素荧光技术探讨了自然环境中常见的4种形态的砷对三角褐指藻生长和光合作用的影响。结果表明,在36h内,亚砷酸盐对藻类生物量的增长和光合活性都有明显的抑制作用;砷酸盐在抑制藻类生长的同时却因为干扰代谢而使藻类表现出光合活性的增强;一甲基砷酸盐和二甲基砷酸盐对藻类在这些方面的影响相对较弱,但对藻类光能利用效率、非光化学淬灭系数等还是产生了较明显的影响。因此,除亚砷酸盐毒性较强之外,其余几种砷化合物在宏观层次上都观测不到明显的生长抑制效应,但是在微观层次上已表现出对光合效应的不同影响。This paper is aimed to present its author＇s research findings on the effect of the arsenic compounds on the algae growth and photosynthesis. As we know, arsenic contaminant has become a serious problem for years in many less-developed areas, which brings harm to human health in many aspects. Therefore, it has become an urgent need to study and analyze the effect of arsenic, as well as how to apply the pulse-amplitude-modulation on the ecosystem-based technology when discussing the arsenic effects. The results of our study indicate that arsenite inhibiting increase of intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence in no later than 12 hours after the exposure. It also affects the yield of photons and the efficiency of light utility in a great level within 36 hours. It has also been found that there exists a linear rela- tion between the relative variance rate of non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） and logarithm of the concentration of arsenite. According to the formulations adopted in this paper, the toxicity and velocity of action of As （ Ⅲ ） could be estimated by its concentration. On the other hand, photosynthesis of Phaeodactylum tricornutum tends to activate when it begins to be exposed to the arsenate in a short period of time, due to its similar structure with phosphate. However, with metabolism going on, its toxicity would gradually emerge and impede the activity of photosynthesis. Though there seemed no noticeable evidence that monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsenic acid are not likely to affect the intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence and the activity of photosynthesis of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, they still had some effects on the efficiency of light utility and non-photochemical quenching. Therefore, it could also be concluded that arsenic shows no obvious inhibition to the growth of algae macroscopically besides arsenite, which holds a strong toxicity to algae. Nevertheless, at the microcosmic level, all of them tend to have been playing different roles in photosynthesis.

关 键 词：毒理学 砷形态 生物有效性 叶绿素荧光 光合作用 

分 类 号：R994.6[医药卫生—毒理学] X171.5[医药卫生—药学]