水氮互作对结实期水稻衰老和物质转运及产量的影响  

Effects of water-nitrogen interaction on rice senescence and material transport and yield during grain filling

作　　者：孙永健[1] 孙园园[1] 刘凯[1] 张荣萍[1] 马均[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所,四川温江611130

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2009年第6期1339-1349,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2006BAD02A05);四川省育种攻关专项(2006yzgg-28)资助

摘　　要：以杂交稻冈优527为试材,通过淹水灌溉（W1）、“湿润灌溉（前期）＋浅水灌溉（孕穗期）＋干湿交替灌溉（抽穗至成熟期）”（W2）和旱种（W3）3种灌溉方式及不同的施氮量,研究了水氮互作对水稻衰老生理指标、物质转运及产量的影响及各指标间的相互关系。结果表明,W2处理下,施氮量为180 kg/hm^2的水氮运筹相对于其他处理,能发挥水氮交互效应优势,使剑叶中O2^-、H2O2和MDA增幅较慢,具有较高的光合速率,有利于可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质的积累和SOD、CAT、POD活性及根系活力的提高,促进结实期物质的转运及产量的增加;施氮量达270 kg/hm^2各水氮处理交互效应优势减弱,不仅影响结实期水稻正常的生理机能,还会导致物质转运和产量的下降。旱作（W3）条件下,施氮量以901-80 kg/hm^2为宜,可缓解水氮互作的负效应,可作为生产中水资源不足的情况下参考。此外,水氮互作下各指标间有显著的相关性,剑叶中O2^-、H2O2和MDA间呈极显著正相关,与保护酶活性、Pn及可溶性蛋白均呈显著或极显著负相关。各指标在抽穗后71-4 d与产量呈极显著相关,衰老过程中地下与地上部也密切相关;根系活力与剑叶保护酶活性、Pn及可溶性蛋白呈显著或极显著正相关,与O2^-、H2O2和MDA呈显著负相关。Super hybrid rice Gangyou 527 was used to investigate the effects of three irrigation regimes [ submerged irrigation （W1 ）, dry cultivation（W3 ） and the treatment W2 that damp irrigation before booting stage, shallow irrigation at booting stage, wetting-drying alternation irrigation from heading stage to mature stage] and different amounts of N on net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, activated oxygen （O2^ ）and H2O2, malondialdehyde （MDA）, osmotic regulators, antioxidant enzyme activities in flag leaves and bleeding intensity during grain filling. The correlation of the different physiological index and accumulation of dry-matter and transport was also determined. The results showed that compare with other treatments, W2 and suitable N application amount （ 180 kg/ha） delayed the increase of reactive oxygen species and MDA, had high Pn and promoted the accumulation of soluble protein content, etc., and enhanced the superoxide （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） activities, consequently, promoted material accumulation and promote yield. Applying N （270 kg/ha） resulted in a negative effect of water-nitrogen interaction. As for the treatment of dry cultivation of flee, applying N ranged from 90 to 180 kg/ha could alleviate the negative effect of water-nitrogen interaction, which has practical implications for drought regions. In addition, there was significant correlation between the physiological index, in which significant positive correlations was observed between O2^- , H2O2 and MDA, and a significant negative correlation between them with antioxidant enzyme activities, Pn and soluble protein content. Furthermore, in the process of leave senescence, underground was closely related to aboveground, and root vigor had high significant positive correlation with antioxidant enzyme activities, Pn and soluble protein, but it had high significant negative correlation with O2^- , H2O2 and MDA.

关 键 词：水稻 水氮互作 衰老 物质转运 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]