半干旱风沙区采煤塌陷对植被群落变化影响研究  

Effects of Coal Mining Subsidence on the Changes of Vegetation Community in Semiarid and Sandstorm Area

作　　者：赵国平 封斌 徐连秀 左合君[3] 张继平 胡春元[3] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省治沙研究所,陕西榆林719000 [2]陕西省榆林市环境监测站,陕西榆林719000 [3]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2010年第1期52-56,85,共6页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划林业项目:工矿废弃地植被恢复技术研究(2006BAD03A03);林业公益性行业科研专项:陕北资源泉开发区生态恢复与重建技术研究(200804016);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(200508010608)

摘　　要：以神府-东胜煤田补连塔矿风沙区为例,通过野外调查和观测,系统分析了塌陷1 a/T2005年、塌陷2 a/T2004年和非塌陷区植被群落变化特征、塌陷强度(地表破损率)对植被群落变化的影响以及植被群落变化对风蚀的响应。结果表明:补连塔风沙区植被的丰富度排序为:草本>灌木>乔木,群落的总丰富度受草本丰富度的影响,群落结构总体不稳定;塌陷区植物群落的变化是该矿风沙区地表塌陷后加快风蚀进程的重要指征,地表破损率与植被生长状况呈负相关关系;采煤塌陷直接导致植被的死亡率增大,降低了塌陷区植被防风固沙的作用,从而使塌陷区发生严重风蚀。Taking Bulianta coal mine in Shenfu-Dongsheng coal field as study object, effects of coal mining subsidence on the changes of vegetation community in one year（T2005） and two-year（T2004） subsided areas and non-subsidence areas were investigated. The results showed that （1） the order of vegetation richness was herbal〉shrubs〉arbor, the richness of general vegetation was greatly effected by the richness of herbaceous species, resulted in an unstable vegetation community, （2） the most important indicator of the accelerated wind erosion was the change of vegetation community, the rate of destruction in the land surface was negatively correlated to the growth of vegetations; and （3） the subsidence in the coal mining area directly resulted in the increase of the rate o[ mortality and the decrease of the sand-fixation function of the plants, and make serious wind erosion in the subsided area.

关 键 词：风沙区 采煤塌陷 植被群落 塌陷强度 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]