我国急性弛缓性麻痹病例中脊髓灰质炎病毒的性状与分析  

Analysis of the Characteristics of Polioviruses Isolated from the AFP Cases in China

作　　者：张礼璧[1] 李杰[1] 侯晓辉[1] 郑渡平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院国家脊髓灰质炎实验室

出　　处：《中国计划免疫》1998年第5期247-254,共8页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：中国大陆１９９４年以前有脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）野病毒流行，除新疆外均为Ⅰ型野病毒。经ＶＰ１片段的基因分析，流行的Ⅰ型野病毒可分为３个亚型，其中主要亚型又可分为Ａ、Ｂ两簇，Ｂ簇为野病毒和疫苗病毒的重组株，Ａ、Ｂ簇间同源性为９０％。１９９３年冬起，在全国开展强化免疫日活动，４岁以下儿童报告的免疫覆盖率达９５％。１９９３／１９９４年，第１次强化免疫儿童约８０００万，１９９４年脊灰病例明显减少，当年１０月后未再分离到本土脊灰野病毒。１９９５、１９９６年我国从云南省分离到４株野病毒，患儿均系缅甸籍儿童，在缅甸发病后来中国求医。分离的野病毒与中国本土野病毒的基因型不同，故为输入病例。１９９４年在脊灰病例明显减少的同时，从急性弛缓性麻痹（ＡＦＰ）病例中分离到的脊灰病毒的型别发生了明显改变，Ⅱ型增多，而且在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型分离的病毒中都出现了不同形式的重组株。与１９９１年发现的野病毒与疫苗病毒重组株不同，１９９３年发现了ＶＰ１区为疫苗株病毒基因片段，３Ｄ区为野病毒片段的Ⅰ型重组株。１９９４年后未再发现上述疫苗病毒与野病毒的重组。但同时发现了不同型别之间的疫苗重组株。重组株的发现，说明了自然界脊灰野病毒可与疫苗病毒或不同型别的疫苗株?In order to strengthen the virologic surveillance of poliomyelitis in China, since 1992 the polio laboratory network has been established. In the past six years, more than 1383 poliovirus isolates were isolated and the characteristics of these isolates were analyzed. 1. Wild polioviruses circulated in the mainland of China before 1994, and all of the wild polioviruses were type 1 except one type 3 wild virus was isolated in Xinjiang. 2. The wild type 1 epidemic strains were divided into three genotypes by gene analysis of their VP1-coding regions, and the main genotype was further divided into two sub-groups: sub-group A and B. The sub-group B was recombinant of wild type poliovirus genome with vaccine type genome, the homology between sub-group Aand Bwas 90%. 3. The National Immunization Days (NIDs) had been set up for children under the age of 4 since the winter of 1993, the reported immunization coverage rate was 95%, the children with two rounds of supplemental immunization at the first NIDs were about 80 millions during 1993-1994. The poliomyelitis cases decreased greatly in 1994, the domestic wild-type poliovirus has not been isolated since October of 1994. 4. Four wild polioviruses were isolated from the children with Myamma nationality in Yunnan Province in 1995 and 1996. The children were at onset of paralysis before they went to Yunnan Province to see a doctor.The genotype of the wild polioviruses were different from that of Chinese domestic strains. So these wild-type polioviruses were imported from abroad. 5. The type of the polioviruses isolated from AFP cases has changed significantly while the polio cases decreased greatly in 1994. Type 2 poliovirus increased, and the recombination was found among the type 1, type 2 and type 3 isolates. 6. The type 1 recombinant which was vaccine type genome in VP1 and wild type genomein 3D found in 1993 was different from the recombinant found in 1991. The above-mentioned recombinants were no longer found after 1994, but the recombination between different v

关 键 词：脊髓灰质炎病毒 基因型 型内重组 驰缓性麻痹 

分 类 号：R373.22[医药卫生—病原生物学] R512.402[医药卫生—基础医学]