低温燃料电池氧电极催化剂  

Catalysts for Oxygen Electrode in Low Temperature Fuel Cells

作　　者：原鲜霞[1] 夏小芸[1] 曾鑫[1] 张慧娟[1] 马紫峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学化学工程系,上海200240

出　　处：《化学进展》2010年第1期19-31,共13页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(No.2007CB209700);国家自然科学基金项目(No.20776085)资助

摘　　要：氧电极催化剂及缓慢的阴极氧还原动力学是制约低温燃料电池商业化的关键瓶颈因素之一。为此,国内外研究者近年来从提高低温燃料电池氧电极催化剂的催化活性和稳定性、降低催化剂的成本、发展非贵金属氧还原催化剂等方面开展了大量的研究工作,有力地促进了低温燃料电池的发展进程。本文在简要介绍低温燃料电池氧电极反应机理的基础上,从催化剂载体、贵金属及其合金催化剂、金属大环化合物及M-N/C类催化剂和过渡金属硫族化合物类催化剂等方面详细综述了低温燃料电池氧电极催化剂近年来的主要研究进展,并指出了各类催化剂目前尚待解决的问题和发展方向。The slow kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction（ORR）at cathode electrode of low temperature fuel cells（LTFCs）and the electro-catalysts are main factors impeding the commercialization of LTFCs.In recent years,worldwide researchers have maken much effort to improve the activity and durability of the cathode catalysts,to decrease cost of the catalysts,and to develop non-noble-metal electro-catalysts for LTFCs.In the present paper,research progress of catalyst support,noble-metal and the alloyed catalysts,and non-noble-metal catalysts including metal-macrocyclic-compound,M-N/C catalysts and transitional-metal-chalcogenide for the oxygen electrode in LTFCs have been systematically reviewed in addition to a brief introduction of the reaction mechanism of ORR at cathode electrode of LTFCs.The urgent problems and future research focuses for each kind of catalysts have been proposed.

关 键 词：低温燃料电池 氧还原反应 氧电极 催化剂 

分 类 号：TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] TQ426.6[化学工程]