环境公益诉讼的理论基础探究  

Exploration for the Theoretical Foundation of Environmental Public Interest Litigation

作　　者：徐祥民[1] 凌欣[1] 陈阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法政学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2010年第1期149-155,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：中华环保联合会"环境公益诉讼立法调研项目基础性研究"项目的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：环境不可能成为权利的对象,环境权论和公共信托理论都无法为环境公益诉讼提供理论支撑。多人利益意义上的环境公益诉讼以公民财产权、人身权等为根据,无须再虚构其他的理论根据。私人检察总长理论、私人实施法律理论是国家论、权力论,这种理论和我国法律中的公民检举权都以"积极公民"的存在为前提。"积极公民"存在于个体与利益共同体关系中。国家、民族、自然环境决定的特定区域中的人的集合等都构成一个共同体。共同体成员对共同体的责任是公民担当"私人总检察长"、公益起诉人的理由。集体利益环境诉讼的理论基础是作为环境共同体成员的公民对共同的环境利益的责任。多人利益环境诉讼实际上是私益诉讼,只有集体公益的环境诉讼才是需要我们努力建设的环境公益诉讼。Environment is not an object of rights. And thus, both environmental right theory and public trust theory could not provide theoretical support for environmental public interest litigation. Environmental public interest litigation maintained the majority interests, which is based on citizens＇ property rights and personal rights. Other theories do not need to be built. The private attorney general doctrine and the private enforcement doctrine reflected as the state and the power theories; civil prosecutive rights are on the premise of the existence of ＂active citizens＂, which presents in the relationship of individual and interest community. The community should be consisted of combination of people in a specific scope jointly determined by state, nation and natural environment. The member＇s responsibility to the community provides theoretical basis of which citizens act as ＂the private attorney general＂ or public interest prosecutor. Therefore, the theoretical foundation of environmental public interest litigation lies in the liability of citizen as a member of environmental interest community to the common environmental interest. In faet, environmental litigation that maintains interests of the majority is the private interest litigation. Only the when environmental litigation maintains the collective interests, the environmental public interest litigation is what we need to build.

关 键 词：环境诉讼 环境公益诉讼 公益诉讼 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]