象山港网箱养殖区水体和沉积物的细菌生态分布  

The bacterial ecological distribution in water and sediment of cage culture area in Xianshangang Bay

作　　者：刘晶晶[1] 曾江宁[1] 陈全震[1] 江志兵[1] 赵永强[1] 廖一波[1] 寿鹿[1] 徐晓群[1] 黄逸君[1] 杜萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室,国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,杭州310012

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第2期377-388,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目973专项资助项目(2010CB428903);国家908专项资助项目(908-02-04-02;908-01-BC06;908-01-ST04);浙江省908专项资助项目(ZJ908-01-01-2);海洋公益性行业科研专项经费资助项目(200805069);国家海洋局第二海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(JT0806,JG200819)

摘　　要：2006年1月和10月对象山港网箱养殖区细菌数量分布及群落结构进行研究,并与周边非养殖海域进行了比较。结果显示水体和沉积物细菌数量均呈现10月份>1月份、网箱养殖区>网箱外侧对照区>近湾顶对照区>近湾口对照区的分布特点,其中网箱养殖区水体异养细菌、弧菌数量分别在1.0×106—7.2×107CFU/L和1.6×105—1.3×106CFU/L之间,沉积物异养细菌、弧菌数量分别在5.9×102—6.1×105CFU/g和8.0×101—7.4×104CFU/g之间。网箱养殖区水体分离细菌89株,归属于12个属,其中不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、弧菌属(Vibrio)等为优势菌属;沉积物分离细菌136株,归属于10个属,其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、弧菌属(Vibrio)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)等为优势菌属。由于长期受到高营养盐、高有机质等外界条件的选择作用,网箱区及网箱外侧对照区海域的细菌群落多样性较低,某些特定的细菌类群富集。研究表明网箱养殖区的细菌分布和菌属组成特征与养殖自身污染密切相关,并且养殖过程对细菌群落产生的影响已扩展至网箱外侧的邻近海域。Bacterial population and community structures were studied in cage culture environment in Xiangshangang Bay in January and October （2006）, and the results were compared with those in cage＇s adjacent non-cultured environment in Xiangshangang Bay. Bacteria quantitative distribution presented a series of characters in water and sediment： Higher bacterial number was observed in Oct. than that in Jan. ,and the horizontal distribution of bacterial number displayed that Cage culture area 〉 Reference site near cage 〉 Reference site near bayhead 〉 Reference site near baymouth. The number of heterotrophic bacteria and vibrios in cage culture water ranged from 1.0 x 106 --7.2 x 107 CFU/L and 1.6 x 105 -- 1.3 ~ 106 CFU/L,respectively. The number of heterotrophic bacteria and vibrios in cage culture sediment ranged from 5.9×102 -6.1 ×105 CFU/g and 8.0 ×101 -7.4 ×104 CFU/g, respectively. 89 strains of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the cage culture water mainly belonged to 12 genera. Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Vibrio were the dominant genera. 136 strains of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the cage culture sediment mainly belonged to 10 genera. Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Bacillus and Acinetobacter were the dominant genera. Because of long-term drainage of abundant nutrients and organic matters, microbial diversity reduced in cage culture area and reference site near cage, some functional microbes became dominating bacterial colonies. This study demonstrated that the characters of bacterial quantitive distribution and community structures were closely related to self-pollution status of cage culture, and the effects to bacterial community induced by cage culture have spreaded to its adjacent area.

关 键 词：细菌 水体 沉积物 网箱养殖区 象山港 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]