利用新技术新方法提高裂解炉热效率  

Improve Thermal Efficiency of Cracking Furnaces Using New Technology and New Methods

作　　者：刘玉东[1] 李永[1] 何金龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油吉林石化公司聚乙烯厂,吉林吉林132022

出　　处：《中外能源》2010年第2期92-95,共4页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：裂解炉是乙烯装置耗能大户,具有物料量大、停留时间短、使用温度高、设备表面积大等特点,采取适当措施提高其热效率很有必要。清除对流段管束表面积灰可采取蒸汽吹灰、水力吹灰、振动(爆破法)、钢珠除灰及声波吹灰、干冰清洗等物理方法。其中声波吹灰随着其噪声和辐射问题的解决,将具有广泛发展前景;干冰清洗技术也具有一定效果,但需作业人员有较强的责任心,保证各个角落处理到位。此外,还可以采用化学清洗、除灰剂技术等化学方法。做好辐射段炉墙的隔热保温工作可减少裂解炉辐射段热损失。将高效隔热耐火涂料喷涂在辐射段内墙表面,可阻止热量向外传导,同时也可将热量返回至炉膛。对燃烧空气进行预热可改善燃烧条件,提高燃烧效率,降低烟气排放量和排放温度。可以采用过剩低压蒸汽或急冷水余热加热空气,以12×104t/a裂解炉为例,利用急冷水余热加热空气至75～80℃,单台炉每年可节约燃料1000t左右。同时,工艺操作和生产调优对于提高裂解炉热效率也十分重要。The cracking furnace is the major energy consumer in an ethylene unit and characterized by large volume of raw material needed,short residence time,high working temperature and large surface area.It is thus very necessary to take appropriate measures to raise the furnace＇s thermal effficiency.Physical methods can be used to remove the soot deposited at the surface of tubes of the convection section such as steam blowing method,hydraulic blowing method,vibration （blasting） method,steel ball soot removing method,sonic soot-blowing method and dry ice method.If its noise and radiation problems are overcome,the sonic soot- blowing method will have good prospect for application.The dry ice method is also effective but entails strong sense of responsibility of operators as every corner must be treated when using this method.Chemical methods can also be used such as chemical cleaning and soot detergent technology.Using good heat insulation material for the furnace wall of the radiation section can reduce the heat dissipation in the radiation section of the cracking furnace.Spraying high-efficiency heat-insulation and flame-retardant coating at the surface of the in- ner wall of the radiation section can block heat from being conducted outwards and can meanwhile return the heat to the hearth.Preheating combustion air can improve combustion conditions,raise combustion efficien- cy and reduce the volume and temperature of flue gas discharged.Surplus low-pressure steam or residual heat from chilled water can be used to heat the air.Take a 12×104t/a cracking furnace for example.If using residual heat from chilled water to heat the air to 75-80℃ ,about 1000t of fuel can be saved annually per furnace.Optimized process and operation are also very important to the improvement of thermal efficiency of a cracking furnace.

关 键 词：裂解炉 对流段 辐射段 化学清洗 空气预热热效率 

分 类 号：TQ221.211[化学工程—有机化工] TB4[一般工业技术]