基于过程视角的城市地区生物保护规划——以浙江台州为例  

Biological conservation planning in urban region based on biological process:A case study in Taizhou of Zhejiang Province

作　　者：刘海龙[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院景观学系,北京100084 [2]北京大学景观设计学研究院,北京100871

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2010年第1期8-15,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：台州生态基础设施暨开放空间专项基金项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目(50608043)

摘　　要：生境破碎化和生物过程的阻断是城市区域生物多样性面临的主要威胁。当前以物种为中心的生物保护规划对区域生境格局关注不足,而景观导向的思路缺乏生物过程考虑。随着保护生物学、景观生态学及景观规划的发展,将物种生物过程与生境格局相结合的综合方法日益得到认可。台州是中国东南沿海快速城市化区域,具备丰富的生物资源,但近年的分散城市化和大规模基础设施建设造成严重的生境破坏和物种丧失问题。本文以2种鸟类作为指示物种,将其生物过程信息与区域景观格局设计相结合:黑嘴鸥作为典型迁徙候鸟,季节性停留于当地泥质滩涂,其生物行为可视作一种垂直生境选择过程;白茎长尾雉作为本地重要留鸟,其生物过程兼有垂直生境选择和水平迁移。利用景观适宜性和景观安全格局方法从垂直和水平过程对指示物种适宜生境进行判别,并叠加构建城市区域综合生物保护基础结构,为类似地区提供参考。Habitat fragmentation and biological process obstruction are the major threats to the biodiversity in urban areas. In current urban biological conservation planning, there exist some deficiencies e. g. , the species-centered approach pays little attention to the regional habitat pattern, and the landscape-oriented method lacks the consideration of biological process. Therefore,an integrated approach combining the biological processes and habitat patterns of selected species is highly advocated by advancing theories in conservation biology, landscape ecology, and landscape planning. Taizhou, a rapid urbanization area with rich biological resources in Zhejiang Province of southeastern China, faces heavy habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss during the recent dispersed urbanization process and intensive infrastructure construction. This paper combined the knowledge of biological processes of indicator species and the design of regional landscape patterns. Two kinds of bird were selected as indicator species, i. e. , Larus saundersi, a typical migratory bird temporarily feeds in the mud beaches of Taizhou, could be thought of as a type of biological behavior of vertical habitat selection process, and Syrmaticus ellioti, one of the major resident birds of this area, has both vertical habitat selection and local migration behavior. The methods of analyzing landscape suitability and security pattern were employed to distinguish the appropriate habitats of the two indicator species based on vertical and horizontal processes, and finally, a comprehensive biological conservation infrastructure was obtained by overlaying them, which could provide references for similar urban areas to Taizhou.

关 键 词：生物过程 指示物种 景观格局 台州 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]