影响生物土壤结皮分布的环境因子  

Environmental factors affecting soil bio-crust distribution

作　　者：程军回[1,2] 张元明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室、中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2010年第1期133-141,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB825104);中国科学院知识创新工程重要项目(KZCX2-YW-336);国家自然科学基金项目(40771114)

摘　　要：生物土壤结皮广泛分布于干旱荒漠地区,在干旱和荒漠生态系统中,有重要的生态功能。然而,并不是所有的干旱荒漠区都有生物土壤结皮的分布。在全球和区域尺度上,生物土壤结皮的分布与年降水、凝结水量和土壤含水量呈正相关趋势;温度对生物土壤结皮分布的影响因组成生物土壤结皮的物种而异。小尺度范围内,生物土壤结皮的分布受土壤类型、质地和养分的限制;维管植物对生物土壤结皮分布的影响,暂没有一致的结论。适度干扰对生物土壤结皮分布和生态功能无明显影响,但高强度干扰导致生物土壤结皮结构、功能和分布的退化与减少。全球变化背景下生物土壤结皮的分布变化、不同区域生物土壤结皮分布和演替的差异机理以及受损后恢复过程中的生态功能,将成为以后工作的重点。Soil bio-crust （＇SBC） widely distributes in arid and desert regions, and plays a key role in the functioning of arid and desert ecosystems. However, not all the arid lands and deserts are covered by SBC. At global and regional scales, the distribution of SBC is positively related to the annual precipitation, dew, and soil moisture content, while the effects of temperature on the distribution vary with the species composition of SBC. At local and small scales, the distribution of SBC is affected by soil texture and nutrients availability. At present, the effects of vascular plants on the distribution of SBC are uncertain. Moderate disturbance has little effects on the distribution and ecological functions of SBC, but severe disturbance can induce the decrease of SBC cover and the deterioration of the structure and function of SBC. The effects of global change on SBC distribution, the mechanisms of the adaptive distribution and succession of SBC, as well as the ecological functions of SBC in its recovery process, would be the hot topics in the future.

关 键 词：生物土壤结皮 分布适应 环境因子 干旱荒漠区 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]