东莞市农业土壤和蔬菜铅含量特征分析  

Characteristic Analysis of Lead Concentration in Agricultural Topsoil and Vegetables of Dongguan,Guangdong Province

作　　者：蔡立梅[1,2,3] 黄兰椿[2] 周永章[2] 许振成[1,3] 彭晓春[3] 姚玲爱[3] 周杨[3] 彭平安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]中山大学地球环境与地球资源研究中心,广东广州510275 [3]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2010年第2期122-125,共4页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国土资源部农业地质与生态地球化学调查项目(121201511216);国家科技重大专项(2008ZX07211);广东省环保资金项目(20070202043)

摘　　要：重金属元素铅的危害已经引起人们的广泛关注。为了解东莞市农业土壤和蔬菜铅污染的状况,选取了该市118个农业土壤样品和43个蔬菜样品进行铅含量分析。研究发现,东莞市农业土壤铅含量普遍较高,92.4%的样点铅含量超过国家土壤环境质量一级标准,79.7%的样点铅含量高于东莞市背景值,且变异程度较大,土壤铅含量最大值(140.58mg/kg)为最小值(20.36mg/kg)的7倍。各区域农业土壤铅污染程度各异,依据土壤铅含量高低可作如下排序:西部平原区>中部过渡区>东南丘陵区>环境保护区。根据分析,东莞市土壤铅的污染源主要为工业企业"三废"的排放、含铅农药和肥料的大量使用、汽车尾气的排放和大气沉降等。东莞市蔬菜铅含量超标比较严重,特别是油麦菜和生菜,超标率分别达到42.86%和37.5%。不同品种蔬菜对土壤铅的富集能力不同,富集能力顺序依次为:生菜>菠菜>芥菜、油麦菜、白菜>菜心、芹菜。This paper describes an investigation of lead pollution in Dongguan city with regard to agricultural soil and vegetables, during which 118 topsoil samples and 43 vegetable samples were collected and analyzed. Result reveals that in general the topsoil of the farmland has been polluted with lead levels exceeding Grade I of the national environmental quality standard of soil, and 79.75% of the samples having higher lead levels than the soil background value of lead in Dongguan. As to vegetables, the investigation also found pretty high lead levels in the vegetable samples, especially of Brassica campestris and Romaine lettuce exceeding the relevant national standard. The source of lead contamination is discussed, which involves industrial wastes, Pb-containing pesticides and fertilizer as well as car exhaust emissions.

关 键 词：农业土壤 蔬菜 重金属污染 铅 东莞市 

分 类 号：X833[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X836