棒络新妇和悦目金蛛拖丝超微结构与力学行为  

Morphology,Fibrous Structure and Tensile Behavior of the Silk Left behind by Two Spiders:Argiope amoena and Nephila clavata

作　　者：蒋平[1] 刘辉芬[2] 肖永红[1] 廖信军[1] 郭聪[2] 

机构地区：[1]井冈山大学生命科学学院,江西吉安343009 [2]生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室四川大学生命科学学院,成都610064

出　　处：《四川动物》2010年第1期1-6,共6页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30760041);江西省教育厅科技项目(No.GJJ08422;No.GJJ08423);江西省自然科学基金(No.2007GQN1690)

摘　　要：采用SEM对棒络新妇Nephila clavata腹部向上和向下在水平纱窗上爬行时纺出的拖丝、悦目金蛛Argiope amoena捕食拖丝与垂直向下缓慢纺出的拖丝及其圆网的铆钉丝进行了超微结构观察,采用电子单纤强力仪对棒络新妇拖丝与悦目金蛛圆网铆钉丝进行了力学拉伸试验。结果表明棒络新妇和悦目金蛛拖丝均呈现出一至多根细丝纤维的多样化超微结构特征,其中悦目金蛛圆网铆钉丝还呈现出"S"形似弹簧的结构。两种蜘蛛丝的力学行为和性能与各自的功能要求相一致。蜘蛛能调节拖丝的超微结构、纤维组成和直径大小以适应其在不同环境条件下对力学性能和功能的瞬时需要。研究结果有助于拓宽和加深人们对蜘蛛丝超微结构、力学性能与生物学功能之间关系的认识和理解。The silk fibers left behind by two orb spiders, Argiope amoena and Nephila clavata, which contained the walking thread from N. clarata and predatory., threads and web mooring thread from A. amoena, were observed by a Scanning Electronic＇ Microscope. The results show the silk fibers left behind by the spiders presented a diversity in morphological structures and composition and diameter of the silk fiber, which consists of double, three, and four filaments and dozens of fibrilliform filalaents with a large range diameters. A peculiar ＂s＂ structure similar to spring was found. The tensile behavior of the walking thread of N. chavata and the web mooring thread of A. amoena were analyzed with an YG001A electric single-fiber tensile apparatus. The investigations demonstrate that the spider can produce diverse silk trails with different morphologies and structures correlated with the corresponding mechanical properties and biological functions conforming to the costbenefit principle under different natural environments. It seems that the spider can adjust the composition, microstructure morphologies and fibrils diameter of its silk fibers matching it to the immediate particular requirements of individual. These investigations will expand and improve our understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical performance of these unique biomaterials.

关 键 词：蜘蛛丝 超微结构 力学行为 生物学功能 

分 类 号：Q811[生物学—生物工程]