新疆棉花叶片光合与蒸腾特性对膜下滴灌的响应  

Response Characteristics of the Cotton Photosynthesis and Transpiration to Mulched Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang

作　　者：赵成义[1] 方怡向[1] 盛钰[1] 张曾强[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆生产建设兵团农一师勘测设计院,新疆阿克苏843000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2009年第6期55-58,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：973项目(2009CB421302);国家科技支撑计划(2007BAC03A0604);国家重点基金资助项目(40830640)

摘　　要：利用PTM-48光合作用测定仪研究了新疆棉花不同生长期叶片光合、蒸腾特性及其对膜下滴灌的响应机理。结果表明,膜下滴灌条件下不同生长期棉花叶片净光合速率日变化为单峰型曲线,峰值出现在12：00~16：00之间,生长期间没有出现光合午休现象;而蒸腾速率并非单峰曲线,有波动变化;苗期、蕾期叶片净光合速率及蒸腾速率大于其它生育时期;随着棉花的生长发育,光饱和点和光补偿点均呈先升后降的变化趋势,开花期光饱和点及光补偿点最高;表观量子效率基本呈下降趋势,但在铃期较开花期出现小幅增加;叶片水分利用效率日变化呈现多样化,早晚各出现一个峰值;日平均水分利用效率呈先升后降趋势,蕾期日平均水分利用效率最高;暗呼吸速率在开花期最高,吐絮期最低。The response characteristic of the net photosynthesis and transpiration of cotton to mulched drip irrigation were studied by the photosynthetic and Transpiration Monitor（PTM-48 system） in Xinjiang.It was shown that the diurnal dynamic curve of the net photosynthesis rate（Pn） and transpiration rate（Tr） was a single-peak valued curve and the peak value occurred between 12：00 am and 16：00 pm in the whole growth stages of cotton,but there is no photosynthetic midday-depression appeared during the whole growth stages.The Pn and Tr of the leaves is clearly higher during the seedling and bud stages than the other growth stages.With the cotton＇s growth and development,the Light Compensation Point and the Light Saturation Point increased before the flower stage and then decreased as the beginning of the flower stage.The average Apparent Quantum Yield（AQY） decreased as the cotton＇s growth on the whole growth stages but the average AQY is a little more in the boll stage than in the flowering stage.The saturated net photosynthesis showed the decreased trend;the diurnal dynamic curves of Water Use Efficiency（WUE） of the leaves at different growth stages was diverse and the average WUE was rising from seedling stage to budding stage then falling.Dark respiration rate was the highest in the flowering stage and the lowest in the boll-opening stage.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 棉花 光合速率 蒸腾速率 光合午休 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]