战国至西汉出土文献第二人称代词谦敬功能研究  

A Study on the Function of Modesty and Respect of Secondary Personal Pronouns in the Unearthed Documents from Warring States to Western Han Dynasty

作　　者：胡伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学文学院,广东广州510000

出　　处：《河北科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2009年第4期62-66,共5页Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology:Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(06BYY036)

摘　　要：以往研究汉语史的论著,都认为"尔"、"汝"在战国时期是表示贱称,而通过考察战国、秦、西汉出土文献第二人称代词"尔"、"汝"、"而"、"若"的用法,得出战国、秦、西汉时期,只有封建文人或士大夫言语对称使用"尔"、"汝"才可能有谦敬功能,在老百姓实际口语中,常用的第二人称代词"尔"、"汝"、"而"、"若"一直都是通称形式,没有谦敬功能。对此认为:以往学者依据的语料是文人或士大夫的作品,而出土文献中有第二人称代词的例句多是当时人的口语,士大夫用语与百姓口语对第二人称代词的使用是有差别的。In the previous studies on the history of the Chinese language,＂er＂ and ＂ru＂ were regarded as humble appellation in the Warring States period.This article examines the use of secondary personal pronouns in unearthed documents of Warring States period,Qin and Western Han Dynasty,and it is found that the only feudal literati or scholar-officials used the secondary personal pronouns to present function of modesty and respect.In the actual spoken language of the people,the commonly used secondary personal pronouns such as ＂er ru＂ ,＂er＂ and ＂ruo＂ have always been known as the form,but there is no such meaning. This article holds that the corpus of the scholars in the past were based on the works of the literati or scholar-officials, but the examples of the people secondary person- al pronouns in unearthed documents were the spoken language of the ordinary people at that time,and the people speaking literati of the second use of personal pronouns,and there was a difference between them.

关 键 词：出土文献 第二人称代词 谦敬功能 战国 西汉 

分 类 号：H042[语言文字—语言学]