压电传感技术在轮轨力实时监测中的应用探讨  

Application of piezoelectric sensing technology in real-time monitoring of wheel/rail interaction

作　　者：宋颖[1] 杜彦良 孙宝臣[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京10044 [2]石家庄铁道学院大型结构健康诊断与控制研究所,石家庄050043

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2010年第1期228-232,共5页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：铁道部科技发展计划(2006G016)

摘　　要：目前轮轨力测试传感元件大多采用应变片,但应变片存在零漂、抗干扰能力差、测试系统稳定性差的问题,不满足高速重载铁路轮轨力实时监测对传感元件的要求,针对这一情形,提出了基于压电传感技术的轮轨力实时监测方法。首先,根据轮轨相互作用的特点和轨道系统约束条件,以及压电应变传感特性,提出了轮轨垂向力和横向力测试原理。然后,实验研究了PVDF压电传感器的动态特性、抗电磁干扰、抗零漂、可重复性等性能,并与普通电阻应变片进行了对比,论证了应用压电传感技术进行轮轨力实时监测的可行性。最后通过有限元仿真计算验证了所提出的轮轨力监测原理的正确性。Measurement of wheel-rail contact forces is very important,but it is not executed so often because of its difficulties.Traditional methods all need strain gauges on wheel sets or rails.However,the shortcomings of strain gauges, such as,zero-drift,poor anti-interference property and instability of test system,can't meat wheel/rail interaction force test requirements in high-speed and heavy haul railways.A method based on PVDF piezoelectric sensing technology was presented for the test of vertical and horizontal wheel/rail force.Firstly,based on the wheel/rail interaction characteristics and the restriction condition of track,as well as strain sensing principle of PVDF films,principle for measuring vertical and lateral wheel/rail interaction force was proposed.Then,a series of tests were conducted to compare the performance of PVDF strain sensors with that of resistance strain chips on dynamic sensing properties,electromagnetic interference,zero drift and repeatability.The results verified the attractive reliability of the PVDF strain sensor for wheel/rail interaction force real-time monitoring.Finally,analysis with FEM was carried out to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.

关 键 词：PVDF 压电传感 动态应变 轮轨力 实时监测 

分 类 号：TP212.9[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]