基于农机与农艺相结合的水稻精量穴直播技术及机具  

Precision Rice Hill-Direct-Seeding Technology and Machine Based on the Combination of Agricultural Machinery and Agronomic Technology

作　　者：王在满[1] 罗锡文[1] 唐湘如[2] 马国辉[3] 张国忠[1] 曾山[1] 

机构地区：[1]南方农业机械与装备关键技术省部共建教育部重点实验室,华南农业大学工程学院,广东广州510642 [2]华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642 [3]国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2010年第1期91-95,共5页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：863计划项目(2006AA10A307);农业科技成果转化资金项目(2007GB2E000235);粤港关键领域重点突破招标项目(2007A020904001)

摘　　要：对水稻直播存在的农艺技术难点,基于农机与农艺相结合的理念,提出了同步开沟起垄水稻精量穴直播技术、同步开沟起垄施肥水稻精量穴直播技术和同步开沟起垄喷施水稻精量穴直播技术,研制成功2BD系列水稻精量穴直播机.生产试验结果表明,采用精量穴直播技术的水稻群体结构合理,减少了直播稻的倒伏现象,实现了水稻节水灌溉种植,产量可比人工撒播、人工抛秧和人工插秧分别增加10%、8%和6%以上;采用同步开沟起垄施肥水稻精量穴直播技术可节肥30%以上,产量提高10%以上;采用同步开沟起垄喷施水稻精量穴直播技术在直播时同步喷施液体地膜成苗率可提高18%以上,产量提高5%以上.Based on the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy technology, the technologies and machines of precision rice hill-direct-seeding with ＂row and hill＂ and ＂furrow and ridge＂, precision rice hill-direct-seeding with fertilizing simultaneously and precision rice hill-direct-seeding with spraying simultaneously were developed. The precision rice hill-direct-seeding technology can form a reasonable group structure, reduce the lodging, and save water in rice planting, increase rice yield 10%, 8%, 6%, respectively, compared to the manual broadcasting, manual seedling broadcasting and manual transplanting. The precision rice hill-direct-seeding with fertilizing simultaneously technology can save fertilizer more than 30% and increase rice yield 10% compared to the manual fertilizing. The precision rice hill-direct-seeding with spraying simultaneously technology can increase the seedling rate more than 18% and rice yield 5%.

关 键 词：农机与农艺 开沟起垄 水稻穴直播 施肥 喷施 

分 类 号：S223.23[农业科学—农业机械化工程]