“二十四番花信风”考  

Study on "24 Times Telling of Flowers Wind"

作　　者：程杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2010年第1期111-122,共12页Yuejiang Academic Journal

基　　金：江苏省社会科学研究基金项目"中国花卉题材文学与花卉审美文化研究"

摘　　要："二十四番花信风"的说法,最初并非出于南朝宗懔的《荆楚岁时记》,而是南唐徐锴的《岁时广记》。两书都被简称《岁时记》,后者又早已失传,因而后世遂将本属徐锴《岁时广记》的花信风说法误属《荆楚岁时记》。徐锴《岁时广记》只称"花信风",本指三月鲜花盛开时的风候,其义重在风信,而非花信。稍后出现的"二十四番花信风",最初所指也主要是清明时节的风信。北宋中期以来遂有初春至初夏,以梅花为首、楝花为尾共二十四番花信风的说法,但具体是哪些名目宋人已莫得其详,或者本就是一种模糊说法。纵观宋元明清的文献材料,所谓"二十四番花信风"中真正可以确认的也只梅花、杏花、海棠、楝花等少数几种。明初王逵提出了完整的二十四番花信风的名目及其象数学依据,影响甚大,后世所说一出于此。但该说将花信风的起始时间上推至小寒,不仅与宋人有关花信风起于立春的说法不合,而且所说小寒、大寒两气的几种花信与实际花期误差明显。针对这一缺陷,清人王廷鼎提出了一套三春六气,每气四种花信的新说法,但未能流行。The saying of ＂24 times telling of flowers wind＂ is not originally from Calendar Festivals around Jingzhou Hubei by ZONG Lin in the Southern Dynasties, but from General Calendar Festivals by XU Kai in Southern Tang Dynasty. The two books are both referred to as Calendar Festivals for short, and the latter had been lost, so that the later generations attributed the saying of flowers wind that belongs to General Calendar Festivals of XU Kai to Calendar Festivals around Jingzhou Hubei by mistake. In XU Kai＇s General Calendar Festivals, he only mentioned flowers wind, which originally meant the monsoon wind in March when the flowers bloom luxuriantly, focusing on telling of wind, rather than telling of flowers blooming. The saying of ＂24 times telling of flowers wind＂, originally means telling of wind around Tomb-sweeping Day. Since the middle of Northern Song Dynasty, there was a saying of ＂24 times telling of flowers wind＂, beginning with plum blossom and ending with chinaberry flowers from early spring to early summer, but the people in Song Dynasty had not got details of the exact names. According to the research on the literature material in Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasties, plum blossom, apricot flowers, crabapple and chinaberry flowers are only a few of flowers which could be identified in the saying of ＂24 times telling of flowers wind＂. In early Ming Dynasty, WANG Kui provided the complete names and its basis of 24 times telling of flowers wind, and had great influence on the later generations. But the beginning However, there was not only a of the wind in the flower season was extended up to Slight Cold in this saying disagreement with the saying that the wind in the flower season start on Beginning of Spring by people in Song Dynasty, but also distinct error on telling of flower blooming in both Great Cold and Slight Cold, compared with actual flower season. In view of this defect, WANG Ting-ding in Qing Dynasty brought forth a new saying that there are 3 spring seasons, 6 solar terms and

关 键 词：“二十四番花信风” 花信 花卉 物候 《岁时广记》 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]