上海市新生儿出生体重及其影响因素的调查  

An investigation of birth weight of neonates and its influencing factors in a period from 1999 to 2008 in Shanghai city

作　　者：杜莉[1] 许厚琴[1] 秦敏[1] 谭晶[1] 张礼[1] 金辉[1] 朱丽萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院上海市妇女保健所,上海200040

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2010年第1期4-7,共4页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

基　　金：“上海市公共卫生优秀学带科头人”资助项目（08GWD13）

摘　　要：目的了解1999～2008年上海市新生儿出生体重情况及其影响因素，为制定控制新生儿出生体重干预措施提供依据。方法随机抽取1999～2008年上海市19个区县的接产医院单胎活产产妇病史，每年共抽取500例，根据病史上的信息，按统一要求填写调查表，采用χ^2和多元线性回归等方法统计分析影响新生儿体重的因素。结果上海市近10年新生儿平均出生体重为3381g（男婴3436g，女婴3319g）。低出生体重儿发生率为1．8％，巨大儿发生率为8．4％。经单因素分析，母亲分娩年龄〉30岁的新生儿出生体重高于≤30岁者（t=4．646，P=0．031），出生体重随着孕次的增加而增加（F=10．917，P=0．000），母亲为经产妇的新生儿出生体重高于初产妇（t=8．006，P=0．000），出生体重随分娩孕周（F=164．864，P=0．000）、孕前身体质量指数（F=10．768，P=0．000）和孕期增重（F=58．434，P=0．000）的增加而增加，且呈正相关（相关系数分别为0．169、0．149、0．107，均P〈0．05）。母亲有孕期糖尿病的新生儿出生体重高于血糖正常者（t=5．678，P=0．017）；有孕期营养指导门诊的医院孕妇孕期体重控制较好，新生儿出生体重低于无营养指导门诊的医院（t=4．065，P=0．040）。经多元线性回归分析，影响出生体重的因素主要为：孕前身体质量指数（t=4．946，P=0．000）、孕中期增重（t=4．599，P=0．000）、孕晚期增重（t=2．703，P=0．007）、分娩孕周（t=5．934，P=0．000）和性别（t=3．401，P=0．001）。结论针对可控因素，如孕期血糖、孕期体重增长等进行干预是控制新生儿出生体重可行有效的措施。Objective To investigate birth weight of neonates and its influencing factors in a period from 1998 to 2008 in Shanghai city, so as to provide basis for formulating interventions to control birth weight of the neonate. Methods The obstetric records of 500 parturient women with single alive neonate in obstetrical hospitals in Shanghai in a period from 1999 to 2008 were randomly extracted. Information was collected with unified questionnaires. The influencing factors of birth weight of neonates were statistically analyzed by Chi-square and linear regression analysis. Results The average birth weight of the neonates in Shanghai in the 10-year period was 3 381g. The average birth weight of male neonates was 3 426g while that of female neonates was 3 319g. The incidence rate of low birth weight was 1.8%, while that of macrosomia was 8.4%. Single factor analysis showed that the birth weight of neonates born by mothers aged over 30 years was heavier than that of neonates born by mothers below 30 years （ t = 4.646, P = 0.031 ）. The birth weight of the neonate was increased with increase in parity of the mother （F = 10.917, P = 0. 000）. The birth weight of the neonate born by multiparae was heavier than that of those neonates born by primiparae （t = 8. 006,P = 0.000）. Also, the birth weight of neonate was increased with increases in gestational weeks （F = 164. 864, P =0. 000）, progestational BMI （t = 10. 768, P =0. 000） and weight gain during pregnancy of the pregnant women （F = 58. 434, P = 0. 000） and there were positive linear relations （r = 0. 169, 0. 149 and 0. 107 respectively）. The birth weight of the neonates born by mothers with GDM was heavier than that of the neonates born by those mothers with normal glucose level （t = 5. 678, P = 0.017）. In hospitals where there was a nutritional consultation clinic, the body weight of pregnant women was better controlled than those hospitals where there Wash＇ t nutritional consultation clinic （ t = 4. 065, P = 0. 040）. The multiple linea

关 键 词：出生体重 巨大儿 低体重儿 影响因素 干预措施 

分 类 号：R174.1[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]