高养分富集植物凤眼莲的农田利用研究  

Field application of hyacinth (Eichharnia crassipes),a strong nutrient accumulating plant

作　　者：盛婧[1] 陈留根[1] 朱普平[1] 周炜[1] 薛新红[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2010年第1期46-49,共4页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89B12;2009BAC63B01)资助

摘　　要：研究不同凤眼莲施用量条件下土壤养分变化以及小麦生长情况的结果表明:当凤眼莲施用量低于8.1kg·m-2,小麦出苗数不受影响;但当凤眼莲施用量超过8.1kg·m-2时,小麦出苗率显著降低。凤眼莲施用量为13.5kg·m-2时,尽管小麦出苗率显著降低,但由于具有较多的分蘖数和较高的每穗粒数,小麦最终产量与常规单施化肥处理间无显著差异。不同凤眼莲施用处理的土壤速效氮苗期差异显著,但分蘖期后处理间无显著差异;而速效磷和速效钾总体表现为随凤眼莲施用量增加而升高。此外,凤眼莲施用还可促进小麦茎秆对N、P、K的吸收和籽粒粗蛋白含量的增加。由此可见,凤眼莲是一种经济有效的农田有机肥料,其施用量以10.8～13.5kg·m-2为宜,施用后土壤N、P、K、有机质含量较高,且对产量影响不大,当季还可节约施用化学N141.75kg·hm-2、P36～45kg·hm-2,K可免施。The effect of different application doses of hyacinth on the dynamic of soil available NPK,wheat seedling emergence rate,yield and its components were studied.The results show no obvious effect of hyacinth on wheat seedling emergence rate when applied at less than 8.1 kg·m-2.However,when it is applied at higher than 8.1 kg·m-2,wheat seedling emergence rate significantly decreases.Due to high tiller number and grain number per spike,treatment at 13.5 kg·hm-2 has no significant difference in grain yield from that of normal chemical fertilization treatment.There is also no significant difference in soil available N among the treatments during the entire growth period,except for the seedling stage.Soil available P and K increase with increasing dose of hyacinth.The findings suggest that hyacinth promotes both NPK absorption in stem and protein content in grain of wheat.Hence hyacinth is a potential high quality organic fertilizer.Its use increases soil NPK and organic matter content,while reducing the application of N by 141.75 kg·hm-2,P by 36～45 kg·hm-2,and K by 100%.Its optimum application dose is therefore in the range of 10.8～13.5 kg·hm-2.

关 键 词：养分富集植物 凤眼莲 农田利用 小麦 出苗率 生长 土壤速效养分 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]