流溪河模型Ⅰ:原理与方法  

Liuxihe Model Ⅰ:Theory and Methods

作　　者：陈洋波[1] 任启伟[1] 徐会军[1] 黄锋华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学自然灾害研究中心／／水资源与环境系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第1期107-112,共6页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50479033,50179019);欧盟第五框架计划基金资助项目(EVK1-CT2002-00117)

摘　　要：提出了一个流域洪水预报的分布式物理水文模型——流溪河模型。模型分成流域划分、蒸散发计算、产流计算、汇流计算、参数推求5个模块。流域划分模块将一个研究流域沿水平方向划分成一系列的单元,沿垂直方向划分成植被覆盖层、地表层和地下层;蒸散发计算模块根据单元流域上的降雨量及土壤前期湿润指标,计算确定各个单元流域上的蒸散发量;产流计算模块根据单元流域上的降雨量、蒸散发量,计算确定各个单元流域上的产流量,并划分成地表径流、壤中流和地下径流。地表径流根据蓄满产流模式计算,壤中流则根据Campbell公式计算;汇流计算模块将地表径流汇流分成边坡汇流、河道汇流和水库汇流三种类型,对各单元流域上产生的径流量进行逐单元的汇流计算;参数推求模块将模型参数分成不可调参数和可调参数,对不可调参数根据DEM直接计算,对可调参数提出一个逐步迭代求精的过程对参数进行调整。流溪河模型还提出了一整套基于DEM及遥感影像对流域进行单元划分及对河道单元断面尺寸进行估算的方法,解决了目前在大部分流域不能应用分布式物理水文模型的难题。This paper presents a physically based distributed hydrological model for catchmet flood forecasting--the Liuxihe Model. This model constitutes five components including catchment dividing, evaporation, runoff production, runoff routing and parameter deriving. The catchment dividing component divides the whole catchment into grids horizontally and layers vertically. The evaporation component calculates grid evaporation based on precipitation and soil wetness. The runoff production component determines the runoff produced from each grid and divides it into surface runoff, interflow and underground water. Surface runoff is determined with the saturation excess mechanism and the interflow is determined by Campbell equation. The runoff routing component routes the runoff grid by grid over the whole catchment and divides the surface runoff routing into overland flow routing, river channel routing and reservoir routing; The parameter deriving component derives model parameters for every grid in which the parameters are divided into unadjustable parameters that are determined by the DEM and adjustable parameters adjusted with a successive procedure. A method for estimating channel cell cross-section size based on the DEM and the remote sensing imagines of the basin is also proposed, which solves the inapplicability of physically based distributed hydrological model in many basins.

关 键 词：流域洪水预报 分布式物理水文模型 径流汇流 一维运动波法 一维扩散波法 

分 类 号：TV124[水利工程—水文学及水资源]