成年日本新糠虾血细胞组成、形态及其不同发育阶段的免疫活性酶  

Study on the morphology and classification of haemocytes in adult Neomysis japonica and the immune enzyme activities at different developmental stages in Neomysis japonica

作　　者：赵柳兰[1] 杨筱珍[1] 吴旭干[1] 王金锋[1] 王小艳[1] 成永旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学省部共建水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点试验室,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2010年第1期108-115,共8页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30700609);上海市教育委员会E-研究院建设项目(E03009)

摘　　要：采用光镜和电镜的方法,以血细胞所含颗粒与否,颗粒多少和核质比等将成年日本新糠虾血细胞进行分型,并对各型血细胞所占比例进行统计。利用生化分析的方法,对不同发育阶段(新孵后0、10、20和30d)日本新糠虾全组织中磷酸酶(酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶)、溶菌酶和酚氧化酶的活性进行测定。结果表明,日本新糠虾血细胞可为3种类型,它们分别为透明细胞、半颗粒细胞和颗粒细胞。它们的胞体大小依次增大,核质比依次降低。对此3种类型血细胞比例分别统计后发现,颗粒细胞所占比例最多约为47.53%±0.02,其次是半颗粒细胞约为31.23%±0.01,最少的是透明细胞约为21.24%±0.02。日本新糠虾体内磷酸酶(酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶)、溶菌酶和酚氧化酶的活性均有随个体发育而呈降低的趋势。3种酶中以溶菌酶的活性最高,平均约为305.20U/mg蛋白,其次是酸性磷酸酶约为0.2365U/mg蛋白,而酚氧化酶和酸性磷酸酶在成体中的活性基本一致,约为0.1295U/mg蛋白。研究表明,日本新糠虾血细胞组成中,以颗粒细胞为主。溶菌酶是其主要的免疫活性物质。日本新糠虾体内磷酸酶(酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶)、溶菌酶和酚氧化酶活性有随其个体发育而逐渐降低的趋势。In order to classify the haemocytes of adult Neomysis japonica, light and electron microscopical studies were carried out. According to the presence or the absence of cytoplasmic granules, nucleus/ cytoplasm （N/C）ratio, the number of granules with different sizes and electron-density of their cytoplasmic granules, three types of haemocytes were recognized in adult Neomysis japonica： type 1 hyaline cells （no cytoplasmic granule）, type 2 semigranular cells （ a few cytoplasm granule）, type 3 granular cells （ abundant granules in cytoplasm）. The proportion of the three types were analyzed depending on Wright＇ s smears, and the result indicated that the proportion of haemocytes（47.53% ±0.02） was the largest, while that of hyalinocytes（21.24% ±0.02） the smallest. The size was increased from type 1 to type 3, however, the N/ C rate was decreased. The activites of acid Phosphatase （ACP）, alkaline phospbatase （AKP）, lysozyme （LYZ）, and phenoloxidase （PO） were analyzed by biological and chemistry methods in total body of Neomysis japonica on 0 d, 10 d, 20 d, 30 d after being hatched,respectively. The activities of ACP, AKP, LYZ, PO were decreasing with the growth of individuals. The activity of LYZ was 305.20 U/rag Prot on average, the highest in the three enzymes ; the second is ACP, at 0. 236 5 U/rag Prot ： The activities of PO and ACP were almost the same at 0. 129 5 U/mg Prot in adult N. japonica. In conclusion, hyaline cells were mainly haemocytes type in adult N. japonica. In addition, lysozyme played a siginificant role in immune process of N. japonica. The activities of ACP, AKP, LYZ, PO were decreasing gradually with the individual development.

关 键 词：日本新糠虾 血细胞 组成 形态 磷酸酶 溶菌酶 酚氧化酶 

分 类 号：S966.1[农业科学—水产养殖]