旱地玉米全膜双垄沟播技术的水分高效利用机理研究  

Study on Highly Efficient Water Utilizing Mechanisms on Techniques of Whole Plastic-film Mulching on Double Ridges and Planting in Catchment Furrows of Dry-land Maize

作　　者：杨祁峰 刘广才 熊春蓉 张成荣[2] 朱永永 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业技术推广总站,甘肃兰州730020 [2]榆中县农业技术推广中心,甘肃榆中730100

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2010年第1期113-117,共5页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：甘肃省旱作农业项目"旱地全膜双垄沟播技术示范推广"(甘农牧农[2007]64号)

摘　　要：采用田间小区试验研究了旱地玉米全膜双垄沟播技术不同覆膜模式的水分高效利用机理。结果表明,玉米播前至拔节期,秋季全膜双垄、顶凌全膜双垄和播前全膜双垄0-20cm土壤含水量较传统播前半膜平铺分别提高5.5-5.8%、4.5-4.7%和0-3.2%,1m土壤贮水量较播前半膜平铺分别增加48.4-51.7mm、36.4-38.8mm和0-25.6mm,正是由于秋季全膜双垄和顶凌全膜双垄前期较高的土壤含水量,从而有效解决了玉米4-5月份因春旱无法播种、出苗的瓶颈。全膜双垄沟播技术大幅度提高了农田降水利用率和玉米水分利用效率,使降水利用率最高达到76.8%、平均达到70.2%,使玉米水分利用效率最高达到37.25kg/mm·hm2、平均达到32.10kg/mm·hm2,在旱作农田降水高效利用方面取得了重大突破。全膜双垄沟播技术平均增产率为42.6%、平均增产量为2699.6kg/hm2。其中,秋季全膜双垄、顶凌全膜双垄和播前全膜双垄平均增产率分别为48.2%、45.0%、34.5%,平均增产量分别为3057.8kg/hm2、2852.9kg/hm2、2187.9kg/hm2。Field plot experiments were employed to study highly efficient water utilizing mechanisms on the techniques of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows of dry-land corn under different film mulching modes. The results showed that compared with the conventional film mulching cultivation （half flat mulching before sowing）, autumn double ridges whole mulching, early spring double ridges whole mulching and sowing double ridges whole mulching increased water content of 0-20cm soil layer by 5.5-5.8%, 4.5-4.7% and 0-3.2% respectively, increased water storage of lm soil layer by 48.4-51.7mm, 36.4-38.8mm and 0-25.6mm respectively before corn shooting which indicated it was the relative higher soil water content of autumn whole mulching and early spring whole mulching. It has solved the major problem of corn could not be sowed and emerged because of spring drought. The techniques increased field rainfall use rate to 76.8% and corn water use efficiency to 37.25kg/mm· hm2 respectively, and the average field rainfall use rate and corn water use efficiency to 70.2 % and 32.10kg/mm·hm2 respectively. It has made a key breakthrough for highly efficient rainwater utilizing techniques in dry land. The average yield-increasing rate and increased yield for techniques of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows were 42.6% and 2699.6 kg/hm2. Compared with the conventional film mulching cultivation, the yield-increasing rates of autumn double ridges whole mulching, early spring double ridges whole mulching and sowing double ridges whole mulching were 48.2%, 45.0% and 34.5% respectively, the increased yields of them were 3057.8 kg/hm2, 2852.9 kg/hm2 and 2187.9 kg/hm2 respectively.

关 键 词：旱作玉米 全膜覆盖 双垄面集雨 沟播 水分高效利用机理 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]