新疆绿洲城市扩展与空间形态变化分析  

Urban Expansion and Morphological Changes of Oasis Cities in Xinjiang

作　　者：刘雅轩[1,2] 张小雷[1] 雷军[1] 朱磊[1,2] 王涛 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]新疆乌鲁木齐市房屋产权交易管理中心,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2009年第6期252-256,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院重要方向性项目(KZCX2-YW-321);中国科学院西部博士资助项目(XBBS200805)

摘　　要：绿洲城市是绿洲内人类生产、生活的集聚中心,也是人地关系最为敏感的区域。绿洲城市的空间形态及其变化的动力机制都显示出与其它地区不同的特征,其复杂性和多样性对城市形态学的理论研究具有特殊价值。研究基于1990年、2000年和2007年Landsat遥感影像,借助GIS手段,以新疆18个绿洲城市为研究对象,定量分析了干旱区典型绿洲城市近20年城市扩展与空间形态变化的时空特征。结果表明:(1)新疆绿洲城市扩展速度与强度均较高的主要位于天山北坡地区,较低的主要集中在东疆和南疆。总体而言,扩展速度与强度值低于中东部城市。(2)乌鲁木齐等位于山前凹陷带、山前盆地或地形复杂老绿洲的城市具有较高的分维数;而年轻城市大多在平原地区,分维数较低,结构紧凑。(3)1990-2000年,城市扩展与非农业人口增长之间的关系协调度不足,2000年后得到有效改善。绿洲城市人均建设用地面积普遍略大于国家标准,弹性系数较低的城市应适度扩展;弹性系数较高的城市应放缓扩展速度。Oasis city is the largest concentration of human activities in arid area,and the man-land relationship there is extremely fragile. From the perspective of morphological characteristics and dynamic mechanism,the change features of oasis cities show significant differences compared with other areas in China. In this paper,urban expansions in 1990,2000 and 2007 are evaluated using ERDAS and ArcGIS. Growth speed and intensity,fractal dimension,compactness index and elastic coefficient are employed to describe the properties of urban expansion. The main conclusions are as follows： （1） Cities with higher growth speed and intensity were located in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains;the cities with less value of indices were concentrated in east and south Xinjiang. Urban growth speed and intensity of oasis cities in Xinjiang are less than those of east-central cities in China. （2） Cities located in the depression belt,piedmont basins or areas with various topographies had higher fractal dimensions,and those young cities,many of which were in plain areas,were more compact. （3） The relationship between urban expansion and population growth was not coordinative from 1990 to 2000. After 2000,it was effectively improved. Cities with lower elastic coefficients should be moderately enlarged. The urban expansion of the cities with higher elasticity coefficients should be slow down.

关 键 词：绿洲城市 城市扩展 空间形态 遥感 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] P951[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]