堆肥对有机氯农药挥发和降解的效果  

Effect of composting on volatilization and degradation of organo-chlorine pesticide

作　　者：王玉军[1] 窦森[1] 张晓梅[1] 李文朋[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2009年第12期265-269,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.40471076;No.40871107);吉林省环保局项目(2008031);吉林农业大学研究启动基金

摘　　要：选用鸡粪和玉米秸秆为堆肥原料,进行高温好氧堆肥试验,研究了堆肥处理对六六六(HCH)和滴滴涕(DDT)挥发和降解的影响。研究表明,30d内,堆肥过程的高温和通气条件导致HCH和DDT的挥发比例分别为20.6%、13.8%;扣除堆肥过程中高温和通气等因素对有机氯挥发的影响后,未添加菌剂处理HCH和DDT的降解率分别为37.2%和14.9%,添加菌剂处理HCH和DDT的降解率分别为42.1%和24.2%,与未添加菌剂处理差异显著;α-HCH、δ-HCH的降解率高于β-HCH、γ-HCH,pp'-DDT、op'-DDT的降解率高于pp'-DDD、pp'-DDE。试验结果说明,堆肥过程中高温和通气促使了HCH和DDT向气相中挥发,而该过程的生化反应有助于HCH和DDT等有机氯农药的降解。Aerobic composting treatments using chicken manure and corn straw as the composting material at high temperature were performed in order to study the effect of composting on the volatilization and degradation of HCH and DDT.The study show that 20.6%of HCH and 13.8%of DDT volatilized due to high temperature and ventilation during the period of composting,which accelerated the volatilization of HCH and DDT to gas phase within 30 days.Apart from the effect of high temperature and ventilation on the volatilization of organochlorine pesticides,the degradation rates of HCH and DDT in the treatment without microbial inoculums were 37.2%and 14.9%,respectively.The degradation rates of HCH and DDT in the treatment with microbial inoculums were 42.1%and 24.2%,respectively.The significant difference between the treatment without microbial inoculums and the one with microbial inoculums was found.The degradation rates of α-HCH and δ-HCH were higher than those of β-HCH and γ-HCH.The degradation rates of pp＇-DDT and op＇-DDT were higher than those of pp＇-DDD and pp＇-DDE.The results indicate that high temperature and ventilation accelerated the volatilization of HCH and DDT to the gas phase during the composting and the biochemical reactions in this process contributed to the degradation of organochlorine pesticides such as HCH and DDT.

关 键 词：堆肥 降解 农业废弃物 挥发 六六六 滴滴涕 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]