中国10个省乙型肝炎疫苗接种率及其影响因素  

The Hepatitis B (HB) Vaccine Coverage Rate in 10 Chinese Provinces and Its Influence Factors

作　　者：朱徐[1] 张兴录[1] 柴锋[1] 王克安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院

出　　处：《中国计划免疫》1998年第4期217-221,共5页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：本文根据世界银行贷款卫生Ⅶ项目计划免疫接种率基线调查的数据，对１０个项目省的乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗接种率及影响接种率的有关主要因素，如经济水平、地理地貌、计划免疫保偿及家长计划免疫知识水平进行了分析。出生于１９９４年７月１日～１９９５年６月３０日的８３８９名儿童，在４个不同层次的经济水平间乙肝疫苗全程接种率分别为城区８２．９％、农村一层４４．３％、农村二层３２．９％、农村三层１８．４％（Ｐ＜０．０００１）；不同地理地貌因素乙肝疫苗接种率分别为山区１８．１％、丘陵地区３６．３％、平原地区６５．５％（Ｐ＜０．０００１）；参加计划免疫保偿乙肝疫苗接种率为６３．６％、未参加者３１．５％（Ｐ＜００００１）；家长计划免疫知识水平的高低与乙肝疫苗接种率水平呈正相关（ｒ＝０．９４，ｐ＝０．００５）。通过多因素分析，发现计划免疫保偿加入与否对乙肝疫苗接种率的影响最大（ＯＲ＝２．８５），其次为地理地貌（ＯＲ＝２．０７）、经济水平（ＯＲ＝１．９８）和家长的一般计划免疫知识水平（ＯＲ＝１．２３）。The coverage rate of hepatitis B (HB) vaccine and the factors influencing the coverage rate were investigated,based on the data obtained from EPI baseline study of World Bank Project Ⅶ in 10 Chinese provinces.8 389 children born from 1st July of 1994 to 30th June of 1995 were analyzed.The average coverage rate of three injections was 44.73%,varying from 21.88% to 79.67% depending on provinces.The coverage rate of three injections on the required 0,1,6 months after birth was much lower,being 16.83% with range of 8.08% to 27.82%.The economic condition,geography,EPI insurance contract and the EPI knowledge of the caretakers appear to be the influence factors.Concerning economic factor,the coverage rate was 82.9% in urban area,44.3% in first level of rural area (high level income in rural area),32.9% in second level of rural area (middle level income in rural area) and 18.4% in third level of rural area (lower income in rural area) (P<0.0001).Of the geographic factor,the coverage rate was 18.1% in mountain area,36.3% in hilly area and 65.5% in plain area (P<0.0001).The coverage rate was 63.3% in children having EPI insurance contract and 31.5% in children without EPI insurance contract (P<0.0001).The general EIP knowledge level in caretakers correlates with the coverage rate(r=0.94,p=0.005).The multiple Logistic regression analysis taking the all factors together shows that EPI insurance contract is the most important factor influencing the coverage rate(OR=2.85),geographic factor is the next important one (OR=2.07) and then the economic level (OR=1.98),the EPI knowedge level (OR=1.23).

关 键 词：乙型肝炎 疫苗 接种率 LOGISTIC回归 

分 类 号：R512.620.1[医药卫生—内科学]