渤海稠油的微生物降解特性  

Microbial Degradability of Bohai Heavy Oils

作　　者：孔淑琼[1] 魏力[2] 佘跃惠[1] 黄晓武[3] 金莉玲[4] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学化学与环境工程学院,湖北荆州434023 [2]中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所,山东青岛266101 [3]长江大学城市建设学院,湖北荆州434023 [4]天津大港油田滩海开发公司安全环保科,天津大港300280

出　　处：《油田化学》2009年第4期432-435,428,共5页Oilfield Chemistry

基　　金：中国海洋石油公司资助项目"旅大27-2和32-2油田储层敏感性评价及钻井液完井液体系优选实验研究"(项目编号07H0307-1)

摘　　要：实验研究了异源菌GMB和本源菌对两种渤海稠油的降解特性。GMB分离自大港油田,芽孢杆菌属,最适生长温度5065℃,可以原油为唯一碳源生长。本源菌即原油样本身所含的烃降解菌。油样372(65℃、20l/s黏度2.23Pa·s)和油样373(5.15Pa·s)在60℃培养7天。油样372和373的黏度在本源菌作用后分别降低13.74%和22.89%,在GMB作用后分别降低17.67%和40.39%。油样族组分变化随油样不同而异,普遍规律是饱和烃减少,芳烃、非烃增多,沥青质大幅减少,本源菌、GMB作用后的沥青质含量,油样372由21.25%分别减至18.82%、12.72%,油样373由20.06%分别减至18.81%、17.95%,显示GMB能有效降解沥青质。烷烃碳数分布表明,本源菌特别是异源菌GMB的作用,使nC17nC33尤其是nC26nC33大幅减少,GMB使Pr/C17和Ph/C18显著增大。从微生物与原油间的3种相互作用解释了实验结果。The microbial degradability of two Bohai heavy crude oils was investigated experimentally by using the indigenous hydrocarbon degrading bacteria（iHDB） existed themselves in the crude oil samples （CDSs） and an exogenic bacterial community, notated as GMB,which was isolated in Dagang oil field and, being Bacillus spp, able to grow on crude oil as sole carbon and energy sources with optimal growth temperature 50--65℃. The cultivation was conducted at 60℃ in 7 days on COSs #372（ of viscosity 2. 23 Pa-s at 65℃ and 20 l/s） and #373（of 5. 15 Pa-s）. The viscosity of 372 and 373 was reduced by 13.74% and 22. 89% by iHDBtreatment and by 17.67% and 40. 39% by GMB treatment,respectively. The changes of the two COSs in component composition were different each other and the general tendencies could be stated as decrease of saturated hydrocarbons, increase of aromatics and nonhydrocrbons,and significant decrease of asphaltenes; the asphaltenes content in COSs treated by iHDB and GMB was dropped from 21.25% to 18. 82% and 12.72% for COS #372 and from 20. 06% to 18.81% and 17.95% for COS #373, respectively, which indicated high degradability of these COSs by GMB. The alkane carbon number distribution showed that the microbial treatment by iHDB and specially by GMB caused a significant reduction of alkanes nC17--nC33 and,in particular, of nC26--nC33 and the treatment by GMB led to a notable increase in ratios Pr/C17 and Ph/C18. The experimental phenomena were explained by some interactions between the bacteria and the crude oils.

关 键 词：原油降解菌 异源菌GMB 本源茵 微生物降解 渤海稠油 族组成 炕烃碳数分布 沥青质 

分 类 号：TE357.9[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] TE133.1