一种新型微生物卤醇脱卤酶的研究进展  

Current Research Advances in Bacterial Halohydrin Dehalogenases

作　　者：郑楷[1] 汤丽霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学生命科学与技术学院,四川成都610054

出　　处：《生物技术通讯》2010年第1期121-125,共5页Letters in Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(20872014)

摘　　要：卤醇脱卤酶是细菌降解环境中重要污染物有机卤化物的关键酶之一,具有与其他已知脱卤酶不同的脱卤机制。它是一类通过分子内亲核取代机制催化邻卤醇转化为环氧化物的脱卤酶,可以高效催化有机邻卤醇进行脱卤反应,在治理环境污染方面具有十分重要作用。此外,在催化环氧化物和邻卤醇之间的转化反应中,卤醇脱卤酶具有很高的立体选择性,因而在手性药物合成方面也有广阔的应用前景。我们着重从卤化物生物降解途径、脱卤机制及应用等方面介绍了卤醇脱卤酶的最新研究进展,同时对卤醇脱卤酶改造的新方法进行了阐述与展望。Halogenated compounds constitute one of the most important groups of environmental pollutants.Enzymatic cleavage of the carbon-halogen bonds is obviously a critical step in the biodegradation processes.According to the way they cleave carbon-halogen bond,several different dehalogenation mechanisms can be distinguished. Halohydrin dehalogenases catalyze the dehalogenation of halohydrins through an intramolecular nucleophilic displacement,representing a new type of dehalogenases.Besides,the enzymes catalyze ring-opening reaction of epoxides by using non-natural nucleophiles such as azide,cyanide,nitrite,cyanate,and thiocyanate ions,with high regio-and enantioselectivity,making these enzymes useful catalysts for the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.The review focused on recent developments of halohydrin dehalogenases with respect to biodegradation pathways,dehalogenation mechanism,and their applications in biocatalysis.Meanwhile,main recent strategies for improving the biocatalytic properties of halohydrin dehalogenases were also discussed.

关 键 词：卤醇脱卤酶 有机卤化物 生物降解途径 生物催化 

分 类 号：Q555[生物学—生物化学] Q936