基于水分敏感指数的作物水分生态适应性评价  

Evaluation of Water Ecological Adaptability of Crop Based on Water Sensitivity Index

作　　者：黄晶[1] 宋振伟[1] 孔箐锌[1] 张海林[1] 陈阜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院农业部农作学重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2010年第1期5-8,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金："948"引进项目(2006-G52(B));2008年公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803028)资助;北京市都市农业学科群建设项目(XK100190553)

摘　　要：作物与水分的关系受到越来越多的关注。对作物水分生态适应性的科学评价有利于为制定合理的节水灌溉制度、确定适宜的灌水定额、作物布局以及种植结构调整提供依据。评价作物水分生态适应性应体现水分与作物产量的关系,基于这样的考虑,引入作物水分敏感指数(iλ)的概念,并将其与作物各生育时期需水量、有效降水量合理地联系起来,计算出作物水分生态适应性度(WEAI),以此为依据评价了北京地区冬小麦、夏玉米的水分生态适应性。结果表明:冬小麦、夏玉米的水分生态适应度分别为0.374和0.594,夏玉米的水分生态适应性强于冬小麦。评价体系综合反应了作物需水耗水特征、作物生育期内降需水平衡特征及水分与作物产量的关系,方法科学合理,适用于其他地区和作物。As the scarcity of water resources become more and more serious, study on the relationship between crop and water is more and more. Scientific evaluation of water ecological adaptability of crop is the theoretical basis for planning irrigation scheduling, determining the quantity of irrigation and adjusting cropping pattern. This study combines crop water sensitivity index with water requirement and effective rainfall to calculate the index of water ecological adaptability. The result indicates that the water sensitivity index of winter wheat and summer corn is 0. 374 and 0. 594, separately. This shows that water ecological adaptability of summer corn is better than that of winter wheat. The calculation process and results synthetically reflect the water requirement characteristics of crops, field water balance during crop growth, the relationship between water and crop yield. The evaluation approach used in this paper is scientific and reasonable and it is applicable to other regions and other crops.

关 键 词：需水量 有效降雨量 水分敏感指数(λi) 水分生态适应度(WEAI) 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]