江苏近岸海域营养盐类污染分布特征与评价  

Nutrients distribution characters and its appraisement inshore area in Jiangsu province

作　　者：沈永明[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京晓庄学院地理科学学院,江苏南京210017

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2010年第1期6-10,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40401059);江苏省"青蓝工程"资助

摘　　要：江苏沿海大多属于淤泥质平原海岸,开发利用方式以农业为主,海水中的营养盐类污染物质量浓度分布与入海河流和海岸区域农田化肥施用强度有重要的关系,因此,了解和探讨江苏近岸营养盐类污染的污染程度及其分布有重要的意义。根据江苏近海区域特征,选择近岸海域19个站点作为研究地点,分别对这些地点的总氮、总磷、无机氮和磷酸盐等营养盐类污染物质量浓度进行了分析,首先探讨了这些营养盐污染物在分布江苏近岸海域沿岸方向和向海方向的空间分布特点,然后结合海水水质标准,利用等标污染指数和综合污染指数等方法进行了污染程度评价,得出了江苏沿海营养盐类污染物在空间分布上具有南北两端和中间部位都比较高,而中部辐射沙洲附近和南北两端之间的质量浓度较低的"W"形分布特征,在向海方向上具有营养盐污染物质量浓度基本上都表现为靠近海岸质量浓度高,远离海岸略低的变化趋势,在污染程度评价方面,总磷等标污染指数普遍超过1,总氮等标污染指数大多小于1,综合污染指数在1.63～14.08之间,差异比较明显,一般表现为南北高中间低的特点,最后结合江苏沿海地区河流排污入海情况以及农田化肥农药施用强度,对江苏近岸海域营养盐类污染分布状况进行了讨论。There are mostly the mucky plain coasts in Jiangsu coastal zone, its development and utilization method is dominated by agriculture, there are significant relationship between the nutrition salts pollutant mass concentration distribution and the farmland chemical fertilizer employment intensity, therefore, understanding and discussing the degree and distribution of the nutrition salts pollution near seacoast of Jiangsu is very significant. According to the characteristics of Jiangsu sea coast regions, choose 19 sites of the seacoast region as the study case, analyze total nitrogen, total phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen and phosphate nutritional quality of pollutant concentration of these 19 sites. Firstly, we discussed the distributed characteristic of these nutrient salt pollutant along coastal direction and to sea direction in Jiangsu seacoast regions, then integrated with sea water quality standard, assessed the pollu- tion degree by the method of equivalent standard pollution index and comprehensive pollution index. The result show that north and south ends and middle parts of Jiangsu coast have higher nutrient salts contaminants, but the mass concentration of the near of central radiation sandbar and between the north and south ends is lower which show a ＂W＂ shape. Nutrient concentration of pollutants has a changed trend, that is, near the coast have a higher concentration, but slightly lower away from the coast. In the evaluation of pollu- tion levels, the equivalent standard pollution index of total phosphorus generally more than one. So the pollution is more serious. But the pollution of total nitrogen is lighter, that the equivalent standard pollution index is also more than one and the integration pollut- ant index is from 1.63 to 14.08. The pollution level of Jiangsu coast has more obvious differences which perform as North-South index high and the middle of the index low. At last, with the situation of sewage discharged into the sea and the application of agricultural chemical fertilizer, the artic

关 键 词：富营养化 营养盐 评价 江苏 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]