葛洲坝水利枢纽工程对宜昌河段水文水力特性的影响  

Influence of Gezhouba Project on hydrological and hydraulic characteristics of Yichang river reach

作　　者：李帆[1,2] 夏自强[1,2] 王跃奎[3] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [3]太湖流域管理局水文水资源监测局,江苏无锡214024

出　　处：《河海大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第1期36-40,共5页Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30490235)

摘　　要：根据葛洲坝水库蓄水前后宜昌水文站水文实测资料,分析了葛洲坝水利枢纽工程对宜昌河段水位-流量关系、断面形状和水位变化规律的影响.结果表明,葛洲坝水库蓄水后,宜昌河段水文水力特征变化符合惯性区理论,洪水波运动形式发生变化,坝前水流流速降低,水流挟沙能力和推移力下降,水库淤积现象加重,下泄水流中的含沙量下降,宜昌河段推移质输入减少,下泄水流对河道的冲刷能力增强,原有的冲淤平衡被打破,河床质变粗,断面形状不断变化,宜昌河段河床下切、水流能量增大、流速增大,同流量情况下的水位较天然河道有所下降.Based on observed hydrological data from Yichang Station before and after the impoundment of Gezhouba Reservoir, the influence of the Gezhouba Project on the stage-discharge relation, sectional profile and variation of water levels was analyzed, The results indicate that after the impoundment of Gezhouba Reservoir, the variation of hydrological and hydraulic characteristics of the Yichang river reach accord with the theories of inertia regions. The pattern of flood wave motion does not change. The velocity of the flow currents in front of the dam decreases, and the sediment carrying capacity of flow currents decreases, resulting in the increase of sediment deposition in Gezhouba Reservoir. The sediment concentration in the discharge water decreases, and the transport of bed load into the Yichang river reach also decreases. The discharged water has an increasing scour capacity along the waterway. The original erosion-deposition equilibrium changes： the riverbed materials become coarse, the sectional profile continuously changes, and the riverbed of the Yichang river reach cuts downwards. The flow capacity and flow velocity of the Yichang river reach increase, and its water level shows a certain decrease compared with that in a natural waterway with the same discharge.

关 键 词：葛洲坝水利枢纽 宜昌河段 水文水力特性 惯性区特征 水位-流量关系 

分 类 号：TV12[水利工程—水文学及水资源]