采煤对地下水资源与环境的影响分析——以山西太原西山煤矿开采区为例  

Analysis of influence of coal exploitation on water resources and environment:A case study of coal exploitation in Xishan of Taiyuan City

作　　者：乔小娟[1] 李国敏[1] 周金龙[1] 都洁[2] 杜成元[2] 孙中惠[2] 巫润建[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]山西省太原市水务局,山西太原030002

出　　处：《水资源保护》2010年第1期49-52,共4页Water Resources Protection

摘　　要：以太原西山煤矿集中开采区为例,从水量水质两方面分析煤矿开采对地下水资源与环境的影响。结果表明,随着西山矿区浅层煤炭资源开采的逐步枯竭和开采技术水平的完善,煤炭开采在向下煤组延深的同时,强度也不断增大。浅中层地下水逐渐被疏干,深层岩溶水因采煤排水转化为矿坑水,岩溶大泉的补给量随之减少,而矿坑突水又增大了岩溶泉域的排泄量,造成岩溶泉水位的降低甚至泉水的断流。在采空区,地表径流通过因采煤而造成的裂缝与塌陷地带,大量渗漏入矿井中,从而使地表径流量减少,改变了地下水系统与地表水系统的补排关系。采煤产生的酸性矿坑水及固体废弃物随着地下水而迁移,造成了地下水环境的污染,治理难度加大。老窑水的存在对水资源的开发利用造成了一定的风险。Using the coal exploitation area in Xishan of Taiyuan City as an example, the influence of coal mining on the underground water resources and environment was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that, with the exhaustion of coal resources in the upper formations and the development of new mining technology, the depth of exploitation grows deeper and the coal mining intensity increases. The groundwater in the upper and middle aquifers was gradually drained out, the water in the deep karst aquifer became mine water, and the amount of water recharged into the large karst spring decreased. However, mine water bursting increased discharge of the large karst spring. These were the main reasons that most of the local karst springs showed significantly decreased flow and some dried up. The surface runoff decreased due to leakage into the mine through the fractures and collapses caused by exploitation. This changed the reentry and outflow relation between the surface water and the groundwater. The acid coal water and the solid waste traveled with groundwater flow and polluted the groundwater environment, and increased the difficulty of treatment. The acid water in the depleted coal field brought more risk to the groundwater utility and protection in the coal area. Balancing the coal mining development and groundwater protection was the appropriate measure for realizing the utilization of the natural resources sustainably.

关 键 词：煤炭开采 地下水 太原西山地区 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]