永历王朝耶稣会士“适应政策”的乖舛与败因——从贵州安龙现存永历政权的遗物谈起  

The Jesuits’Adaptation Policies and the Causes of Their Failure in the Yongli Dynasty

作　　者：孙景尧[1] 龙超云[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文与传播学院,上海200234 [2]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第1期126-136,共11页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：将中西史料以及作者在贵州安龙发现的南明永历王朝与天主教遗物结合,集中论述了明清耶稣会士上层传教适应政策及其活动的过程与特点,认为从其同政权上层建立关系起步,到卖力介入王朝军政要务,却落败于封建专制政统,均由于"貌合神异"的原因,因而耶稣会士的基督教"道统",不仅无法适应中国封建专制政统,而且也无力抗衡封建专制道统。This paper uses historical materials from China and Western countries as well as studies of relics from the Yongli Dynasty and Catholic missionaries that we found in Anlong, Guizhou, to address the process and characteristics of the Jesuits＇ adaptation policies and their related activities during Ming and Qing dynasties. It argues that the whole process manifests as a three - tiered process the beginning involved building relationships with the higher classes of the regime ; the climax was defined by the Jesuits＇ involvement in military and political affairs; the decline was due to the dynasties＇ feudal autarchic traditions. While the Jesuits and Chinese dynasties originally appeared to be in harmony, the Christian traditions of the ＂way＇ ＂ were not only incompatible with Chinese political traditions （政统zhengtong）, they also conflicted with Confucian traditions of the ＂way＂ （道统daotong）. This paper complements both the historical materials and understanding of the Yongli Dynasty＇s four years in Anlong and the Catholics＇ missionary work in the southwestern area of Guizhou province.

关 键 词：耶稣会 永历 道统 政统 贵州安龙 

分 类 号：G05[文化科学]