施氮量对氮高效水稻种质4007的氮素吸收、转运和利用的影响  

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN APPLICATION RATE ON UPTAKE,TRANSLOCATION AND USE OF NITROGEN BY RICE GERM PLASM 4007 HIGH IN NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY

作　　者：晏娟[1,2,3] 沈其荣[1] 尹斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [3]巢湖学院化学与材料科学系,安徽巢湖238000

出　　处：《土壤学报》2010年第1期107-114,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30671234)资助

摘　　要：田间条件下,以当地水稻品种武运粳15(WJ15)为对照,对氮高效水稻种质4007在不同施氮水平(0、100、150、200和250 kg hm-2)下的氮素吸收、累积、转运、产量及氮肥利用率进行了研究。结果表明施氮量显著促进水稻各生育期地上部氮素的累积,水稻从分蘖盛期到拔节期植株氮素累积量最大,占总生育期的32.7%～41.6%。当施氮量从0增加至250 kg hm-2,水稻种质4007的氮素转运量的从72.0上升至104kg hm-2,氮素转运率从66.2%下降至51.3%;而WJ15的氮素转运量从57.0上升至96.5 kg hm-2,氮素转运率也从57.1%下降至46.8%。籽粒中的氮素65.3%～87.6%来自营养器官的转运,仅12.4%～34.7%是后期从土壤吸收所得。由于较高的收获指数(HI)和氮收获指数(NHI),水稻种质4007的平均氮肥表观回收率(REN)和氮肥农学利用率(AEN)分别较品种WJ15高出24.5%和95.6%。本试验结果还显示4007和WJ15的适宜施氮量分别是150 kg hm-2和200 kg hm-2,此时,水稻可维持较高的产量和保持较高的氮肥利用率。A field experiment, designed to have 5 N levels, i.e. 0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg bm 2, was conducted in 2005 to study effects of N application rate on uptake, accumulation, and translocation of N by rice germ plasm 4007 high in nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） , and yield of the crop, with a native rice cuhivar （Wuyunjing15, WJ15） as CK. Results show that increasing N application significantly stimulated N accumulation in rice plants at all growth stages. The highest was found during the stages between mid-tillering and jointing, being 32.7% - 41.6% of the total of the whole growth period. When N application rate increased from 0 up to 250 kg hm^-2, N translocation was also enhanced, rising from N 72.0 kg hm 2to 104 kg hm 2 for 4007, and N 57.0 kg hm^-2 to 96.5 kg hm^-2 for WJ15, but their nitrogen translocation rate declined from 66.2% to 51.3% and from 57. 1% to 46.8% for 4007 and WJ15, respectively. Of the N in grains, 65.3%-87.6% came from vegetative organs of the plant, and only 12.4%-34.7% was absorbed from soil at the reproductive stage. Thanks to the higher harvest index （HI） and nitrogen harvest index （NHI） , 4007 showed higher mean nitrogen apparent recovery efficiency （ REN ） and nitrogen agronomic efficiency （ AEN ） , about 24.5% and 95.6% higher than WJ15 did, respectively. The experiment suggests that the optimal N application rate is 150 kg hm^-2 and 200 kg hm^-2, respectively, for 4007 and WJ15 to maintain a better grain yield and a better nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：水稻氮素吸收 氮素转运量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]