美国“国家安全国家”的创生  

Creating the National Security State in America

作　　者：牛可[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系

出　　处：《史学月刊》2010年第1期63-90,共28页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"冷战时期美国重大外交政策研究"阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：1940年代中期至1950年代末,冷战对美国国家构建产生了重大深远的影响:一种全新的现代美国国家形态——"国家安全国家"——在"为总体冷战而进行总体准备"的过程中被塑造出来。国家安全国家构成对美国主流政治传统的重大偏离,其创生、扩张和演进是冷战时期美国国家构建和总体政治变迁的重要方面。它不仅涉及联邦政府组织体制和对外政策决策程序的重组,也涉及国家和社会关系的重构。国家安全国家的中枢制度和标志是国家安全委员会,其经历的持续变动体现了国家安全国家与"帝王式总统权"之间存在复杂的共生和互动关系。在更广阔的历史背景中,国家安全国家的重大意义在于它与"福利国家"和"管理型国家"共同构成20世纪美国国家构建和国家扩张长期运动的三个基本向度。From mid-1950s to the end of 1950s, the Cold War exerted deep, extensive influences on the state-building in the United States, and a historically unprecedented American version of Modern state, ＂national security state＂, was created, and then evolving, expanding persistently, in the effort of ＂making total preparation for total cold war＂. It represents a spectacular divergence from the dominating American political traditions, and constitutes one of the major aspects of its political transformation in the postorld War II era. The national security state involves not only reorganization of the institutions and procedures of the foreign and defense policy making in the federal government, but also reshaping of the state-society relationship in a much broader domestic context. The uneasy evolution of National Security Council, which played the roles of the central institutional mechanism and the icon of the national security state, reflected mutually reinforcing, complicated co-existence of the national security state and the ＂Imperial Presidency＂. Set in a broader historical context of American political developments, national security state, together with welfare state and managerial state, constitute three major aspects of the general, long-term process of state-building and state-expansion in the 20th century.

关 键 词：国家安全国家 国家安全理念 国家构建 冷战 国家安全委员会 

分 类 号：K712.5[历史地理—历史学]