不同时期三系杂交稻主栽品种对氮肥用量的响应  

The Response of Indica Hybrid Rice Released at Different Periods to Nitrogen Application Level

作　　者：王丹英[1] 徐春梅[1] 袁江[1,2] 赵锋[1,2] 廖西元[1] 章秀福[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,浙江杭州310006 [2]南京农业大学/农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《作物学报》2010年第2期354-360,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30800674);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划"粮食丰产科技工程"项目(2006BAD02A13-3-1)资助

摘　　要：以16个不同时期三系杂交籼稻主栽品种(育成时间1976—2006)为材料,通过0kghm-2(CK)、135kghm-2(N1)、255kghm-2(N2)3种氮素水平试验,研究施氮量对其氮素利用、积累和转运特性的影响。结果表明:(1)早期(1983年前育成)和中期(1983—1993年育成)品种对氮肥反应比近期(1993年后育成)品种敏感。增施135kghm-2(N1)氮肥使早期品种产量大幅提高,而近期育成品种在施氮量255kghm-2(N2)时产量才明显增加。(2)施用氮肥增加水稻植株的氮积累量,增施135kghm-2(N1)氮肥时各品种植株各部分含氮量的增幅相近;增施255kghm-2(N2)氮肥时,早期品种氮同化量的增加主要在开花前,而近期品种主要在花后至成熟期间,施氮量对早期品种茎叶的氮转运率无影响,却显著降低近期品种的氮转运效率。(3)当施氮量由135kghm-2(N1)上升到255kghm-2(N2)时,早期品种的氮肥农学利用率、偏生产力、吸收利用率和生理利用率均下降,而近期品种氮肥的农学利用率、吸收利用率上升,生理利用率基本保持不变。(4)相关分析表明,氮的农学利用率、氮偏生产力、氮肥吸收效率均与杂交稻的生物量和产量极显著正相关。在施氮量为135kghm-2(N1)时,氮肥的农学利用率与生理利用率显著正相关,而在施氮量255kghm-2(N2)时,氮肥的农学利用率与氮肥的吸收效率、生理利用率显著正相关。Nitrogen is one of the most important macro elements; nitrogen use efficiency is affected by variety, nitrogen application level, application method and water management. In this paper, 16 three-line indica hybrid combinations released during 1976-2006 were widely planted in hybrid rice growing region with three nitrogen application levels in Fuyang, Zhejiang province. Yield and its components, indexes of rice N accumulation and translocation, and N use efficiency were analyzed. The results were as follows： （1） the former （released before 1985） and the middle （released between 1983 and 1993） combinations were more sensitive to nitrogen than the latter varieties （released after 1993）, the yield of the former combination increased largely when 135 kg ha^-1 nitrogen was applied, while the yield of the latter combination increased significantly till 255 kg ha^-1 nitrogen was applied. （2） Nitrogen application increased the amount of N accumulation m plant. When nitrogen was applied at 135 kg ha^-1, the increase of N content m stem, leaf and panicle is close to each other between combinations at different periods; when nitrogen was applied at 255 kg ha^-1, N accumulation amount increased largely before flowering in the former combinations, while after flowering in the latter combinations. Nitrogen application did not affect the translocation rate m the former combinations, but dropped it largely in the latter combinations when nitrogen was applied from 135 kg ha^-1 to 255 kg ha^-1. （3） Nitrogen agronomic efficiency （NAE）, partial factor productivity of applied N （PFP）, nitrogen recovery efficiency （NRE） and physiological efficiency （NPE） decreased m the former combinations, when nitrogen was applied from 135 kg ha^-1 to 255 kg ha^-1, while NAE and PFP increased, NPE changed little in the latter combinations. （4） Correlation analysis showed AE, PFP positively corrected with plant nitrogen accumulation content, gram yield and biomass at P〈0.01, only NPE positively correlate

关 键 词：三系杂交稻 品种育成时期 氮肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]