异地碳酸盐岩块体与碳酸盐岩重力流沉积研究及展望  

Problems and prospect in studies of allochthonous carbonate blocks and carbonate gravity flow deposits

作　　者：牛新生[1,2] 王成善[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学(北京)青藏高原地质研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《古地理学报》2010年第1期17-30,共14页Journal of Palaeogeography：Chinese Edition

摘　　要：异地碳酸盐岩块体是指已固结或半固结的、经过一定距离搬运再沉积而产于正常沉积地层中规模较大的碳酸盐岩块,它和碳酸盐岩重力流沉积均属于再沉积碳酸盐岩。文章分析了岩崩、岩屑崩坍、海底滑坡、滑塌和碎屑流沉积的过程,讨论了异地碳酸盐岩块体的沉积机制;归纳了异地碳酸盐岩块体形成的主要地质背景,认为异地碳酸盐岩块体可见于活动大陆边缘、被动大陆边缘、海山和前陆盆地等地质环境中;着重介绍了异地碳酸盐岩块体和碳酸盐岩重力流沉积的研究进展,即线源式的碳酸盐岩裙沉积和点源式的碳酸盐岩海底扇沉积;最后,阐释了滑来岩块、滑塌堆积和碎屑流沉积的区别与联系,总结了孤立碳酸盐岩块体的搬运沉积机制,对比区分了碳酸盐岩裙沉积和碳酸盐岩海底扇的沉积特征,认为它们在斜坡环境、沉积物类型和沉积特征等方面存在诸多不同。Allochthonous carbonate blocks are exotic biggish carbonate blocks that have a consolidated or semiconsolidated state appearing in the normal sedimentary stratum by a long distance transportation and redeposition. Both allochthonous carbonate blocks and carbonate gravity flow belong to re-deposited carbonates. The process of rock fall, debris fall, slide, slump and debris flow have been analyzed and the sedimentary mechanism of allochthonous carbonate blocks has been discussed. This paper documented the primary geological background for the formation of allochthonous carbonate blocks and proposed that allochthonous carbonate blocks mainly appear in the active continental margins, passive continental margins, seamounts, foreland basins and other geological environments. This paper introduced the research progress of the allochthonous carbonate blocks and carbonate gravity flow for the line sourced carbonate aprons and the point sourced carbonate submarine fans. Finally, the differences and relations about olistolith, olistostrome and debrite have been explained. The transported and sedimentary mechanism of the isolated carbonate block have been summarized. Also, carbonate aprons and carbonate submarine fans can be differentiated according to slope environments, sediment types, sedimentary characteristics and other factors.

关 键 词：碳酸盐岩块体 碳酸盐岩重力流 海底滑坡 滑塌 碳酸盐岩裙 碳酸盐岩海底扇 滑来岩块 滑塌堆积 

分 类 号：P588.245[天文地球—岩石学]