全天空测云技术现状及进展  

The Actuality and Progress of Whole Sky Cloud Sounding Techniques

作　　者：高太长[1] 刘磊[1] 赵世军[1] 孙学金[1,2] 刘剑[3] 

机构地区：[1]解放军理工大学气象学院 [2]北京大学物理学院 [3]中国人民解放军第68028部队

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2010年第1期101-109,共9页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

摘　　要：云是一种常见和重要的天气现象,在大气辐射传输中扮演着重要角色。云的形态、分布、数量及其变化标志着大气运动的状况。云的观测对军事活动、国民经济和社会服务等方面具有重要意义。目前在业务上尚未实现云的自动观测,单点测量云高的仪器已经较为成熟,然而云量和云状的自动观测仪器目前还处于研究阶段。文中总结了目前地基全天空测云仪器现状,分析了全天空云图获取、镜头保护、云点识别、云量计算、云高计算和云状识别等几个测云技术问题,最后从相关测量技术和产品应用角度做一定的思考和展望,认为需要从提高仪器性能、加强云高测量技术攻关、建立器测云分类标准等方面推进全天空测云仪器业务化应用。Clouds are regular and important weather phenomenon which play important role on the earth＇s radiation budget and climate change. The shape, size, distribution and movement of them indicate the condition of the atmosphere, thus cloud observation is important. Clouds can be observed by means of both satellites and ground-based instruments. Satellite cloud images provide global coverage data which are used widely in weather forecast. Ground-based cloud images are very local ones which contain more details. Ground-based cloud sounding instruments have not been put into actual operations by far though. Some cloud base height measurements such as ceilometers and the newer laser beam ceilometers are developed in order to determine local cloud base height, however cloud coverage and typology are still determined with a subjective aspect by human observers. In recent years, a number of ground-based sky imagers have been developed due to the improvements in both hardware and digital image processing techniques. Many well-known instruments are developed and used for cloud coverage estimation and scientific experiments. For example, the all sky imager （ASI）, total sky imager （TSI） and whole sky camera （WSC） measure visible skylight from the entire sky dome during daytime, while the whole sky imager （WSI） provides hemispherical coverage with different detection techniques during day and night. The WSI has approximately 70-nm wide imaging bands centered at 450, 650 nm and 800 nm, identifying clouds from red/blue ratios during the day and from star maps at night （with gaps in operation near sunrise and sunset）. The infrared cloud imager （ICI） and the Whole Sky Infrared Cloud Measuring System （WSIRCMS） are ground-based passive sensors that measures downwelling atmospheric radiance in the 8-14 μm wavelength band. These two instruments can identify clouds and calculate cloud amount continuously with accordant sensitivity during day and night. Some key techniques are analyzed, such as obtaining whol

关 键 词：云 全天空 测云技术 

分 类 号：P412.15[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]